The "Index of Mechanical Engineering Articles" typically refers to a collection or listing of scholarly articles, journals, papers, and research related to the field of mechanical engineering. Such an index could be found in various forms, including: 1. **Academic Journals**: Many academic and professional journals publish articles on mechanical engineering topics.

A metal hose is a flexible conduit typically made from stainless steel, although other metals can also be used. It consists of a series of interlocking metal strips or a woven metal construction that allows flexibility and movement. Metal hoses are designed to withstand a range of temperatures, pressures, and corrosive environments, making them suitable for various industrial applications.

Power engineering is a specialized field of electrical engineering that focuses on the generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization of electrical energy. It encompasses various aspects of electrical systems and technologies, including: 1. **Generation**: Involves the process of producing electrical energy, which can be achieved through various methods such as fossil fuels, nuclear power, renewable sources (solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal), and more.

The efficiency gap is a metric used to measure the degree of partisan gerrymandering in electoral district maps. It quantifies the difference in how effectively each political party converts votes into seats in a legislative body. Specifically, it calculates the number of "wasted votes" for each party and uses this information to determine how efficiently each party is able to gain representation based on the votes it receives.

Electoral fusion is a voting system practice where candidates from multiple political parties can appear on the ballot for the same office under multiple party affiliations. This means that a candidate can be listed as the nominee of more than one political party at the same time. This practice allows voters to express their support for a candidate while also signaling support for a particular party.

Issue voting refers to the practice where voters base their electoral choices primarily on specific issues or policy preferences rather than on party affiliation, candidate personality, or other factors. In issue voting, individuals evaluate candidates or parties based on how closely their positions align with the voter's own views on significant topics, such as the economy, healthcare, education, environment, social justice, and foreign policy.

A minority group refers to a social group that is fewer in number compared to the dominant or majority group within a society. Minority groups can be distinguished based on various characteristics, including ethnicity, race, religion, language, gender, sexual orientation, or other traits. Key aspects of minority groups include: 1. **Size**: They constitute a smaller proportion of the overall population compared to the dominant group.

Oiticica oil, also known as Oiticica oil or Oiticica nut oil, is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the Oiticica tree (Licania rigida), which is native to Brazil and other parts of South America. The oil is known for its rich content of fatty acids, particularly oleic acid, linoleic acid, and palmitic acid, which contribute to its emollient and moisturizing properties.

A Unity ticket refers to a political strategy where two or more individuals, especially from different political factions or parties, run for election together as a united front. This approach is often employed to pool resources, consolidate votes, and present a cohesive platform to the electorate. In the context of U.S. presidential elections, a Unity ticket might involve a candidate selecting a running mate from a different political background or ideology to appeal to a broader range of voters, promoting unity and bipartisanship.

Political apathy refers to a lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern regarding political activities, processes, or issues. Individuals who are politically apathetic may refrain from participating in political activities such as voting, campaigning, or engaging in discussions about political matters. This phenomenon can be attributed to various factors, including disillusionment with political institutions, a belief that individual actions do not make a difference, a lack of understanding of political issues, or general indifference toward political affairs.

Quadratic voting (QV) is a voting mechanism designed to aggregate preferences more effectively in situations where individuals have varying levels of interest in an issue. Unlike traditional voting methods, where each voter typically gets one vote per issue, quadratic voting allows individuals to express the intensity of their preferences by allocating votes in a way that reflects how strongly they feel about an issue. In quadratic voting, individuals can buy multiple votes for a particular option, but the cost of the votes increases quadratically.

Social utility efficiency is an economic concept that refers to the optimal allocation of resources in such a way that maximizes the overall benefit to society. It aims to ensure that resources are distributed in a manner that provides the greatest possible utility or satisfaction to the members of a society. Key aspects of social utility efficiency include: 1. **Resource Allocation**: It involves distributing resources (goods, services, labor) in a way that meets the needs and preferences of the population effectively.

A breaking wave refers to the point at which a wave, usually in an ocean or large body of water, becomes unstable and collapses or "breaks." This phenomenon occurs when the wave's height exceeds a certain limit typically influenced by factors such as water depth, wave energy, and wind conditions. Breaking waves are characterized by several distinct phases: 1. **Formation**: Waves are generated by wind blowing over the surface of the water. As they travel across the ocean, their energy increases.

Vote splitting refers to a situation in an election where two or more candidates or parties with similar platforms or ideologies divide the votes among themselves, which can result in a less favored candidate winning. This often occurs in systems with multiple candidates running for the same office, particularly in single-winner electoral systems like first-past-the-post.

North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) is a key component of the global ocean circulation system, particularly within the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). It refers to a body of cold, dense water that forms in the North Atlantic Ocean, primarily in areas such as the Labrador Sea, the Greenland Sea, and the Norwegian Sea. NADW is characterized by its relatively high salinity and low temperature, which contributes to its density.

North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) is a water mass found in the North Pacific Ocean, characterized by its specific temperature and salinity properties. It is generally located at depths ranging from about 200 to 1000 meters, lying beneath the surface waters and above the deep ocean waters. NPIW is formed primarily in the North Pacific due to the cooling of surface waters, particularly in areas such as the Sea of Okhotsk.

The Craik–Leibovich vortex force is a concept in fluid dynamics that describes the interaction between vortices and the underlying shear flow, particularly in the context of water waves and oceanic flows. Specifically, it addresses how the presence of vortices influences the propagation of surface waves on a fluid, such as the interaction between a wind-generated wavefield and swirling or rotational flow structures.

The term "cross sea" refers to a specific oceanographic phenomenon that occurs when two sets of waves from different directions overlap and interact with each other, creating a chaotic sea state. This can happen in coastal areas or open oceans where wind and currents generate waves from varying directions. Cross seas can be particularly dangerous for navigation and smaller vessels because the waves can create steep, unpredictable swells that pose risks for capsizing and loss of control.

Equatorial waves are oceanic or atmospheric waves that occur in the equatorial regions of the Earth. These waves are characterized by their unique dynamics and properties influenced by the Earth's rotation, the Coriolis force, and the stratification of the atmosphere or ocean. The most notable types of equatorial waves include: 1. **Equatorial Kelvin Waves**: These are eastward-propagating waves influenced by the Coriolis effect and are characterized by their dispersion relation.

The Kelvin wake pattern, also known as the Kelvin wake or Kelvin wave pattern, refers to the specific formation of waves that occurs behind an object moving through a fluid, such as air or water. This phenomenon is named after the British physicist Lord Kelvin, who conducted extensive studies on fluid dynamics. When a body moves at a certain speed through a fluid, it generates a series of wave patterns that extend outward from the object.