Henri de Saint-Simon (1760–1825) was a French political and industrial theorist, often regarded as one of the founders of socialism and a key figure in the development of modern social thought. He advocated for a society organized around industrial production and believed that progress could be achieved through the application of science and rationality. Saint-Simon's ideas emphasized the importance of the working class and the role of industry in shaping society.

Jeremy Butterfield is a British linguist and author known for his work in the fields of linguistics, language change, and language descriptions. He has a particular interest in the English language and has published various books and articles on grammar, semantics, and usage. Butterfield has also contributed to discussions on the evolution of language and how it can be taught.

Evelyn Fox Keller is an influential American physicist, historian, and author, best known for her work at the intersection of science, technology, and gender studies. Born on January 9, 1934, she has made significant contributions to the analysis of the role of women in science and the cultural contexts of scientific knowledge. Keller is recognized for her critiques of the traditional narratives surrounding the development of scientific theories and for exploring how language and metaphors shape scientific understanding.

Ezequiel Di Paolo may refer to a specific individual or could be a common name that does not have notable public recognition. As of my last update in October 2023, there isn't widely available information on a prominent figure by that name in fields like sports, politics, or entertainment.

Friedrich Adler was an Austrian politician and a prominent member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SDAP). He was born on April 22, 1879, and became well-known for his role in the early 20th century, particularly during the turbulent times following World War I. Adler was also the son of Victor Adler, a founder of the SDAP. Friedrich played a significant role in shaping the party's policies and advocating for social democracy.

George Berkeley (1685-1753) was an Irish philosopher and bishop best known for his contributions to the philosophy of idealism. He is most famous for his assertion that material objects do not exist independently of perception, encapsulated in his dictum "Esse est percipi" (to be is to be perceived). This view is often referred to as "immaterialism." Berkeley's philosophy challenges the notion of a material world that exists outside of our sensory experiences.

Gerald James Whitrow (1916–2000) was a notable British mathematician and cosmologist. He is best known for his contributions to the understanding of the universe, particularly in relation to the Big Bang theory and the dynamics of cosmological models. Whitrow also had a significant interest in the philosophy of science and the implications of scientific theories on concepts of time and space.

Gilles-Gaston Granger (1920–2018) was a French mathematician and econometrician known for his contributions to time series analysis, particularly in the context of econometrics. He is best known for the development of the concept of cointegration, which refers to a statistical property of a collection of time series variables that indicates a long-term equilibrium relationship between them, despite short-term fluctuations.

James Robert Brown is a Canadian philosopher known for his work in the philosophy of science and the philosophy of mathematics. He has focused on topics such as scientific realism, the nature of scientific theories, and issues related to mathematical Platonism. Brown has also contributed to discussions about the relationship between science and society and the implications of scientific knowledge. Some of his notable publications include works that explore the intricacies of scientific theories and their philosophical underpinnings.

James T. Cushing is a physicist known for his work in the philosophy of science, particularly with an emphasis on the foundations of quantum mechanics and the relationship between physics and philosophy. He has contributed to discussions on the interpretation of quantum theory and the role of scientific theories in understanding physical reality. His research often explores the implications of different interpretations of quantum mechanics, as well as the philosophical questions that arise from them.

Max Bense (1910–1990) was a German philosopher, writer, and theorist known for his work in aesthetics, communication theory, and the philosophy of science. He is often associated with the field of "computational aesthetics," and his ideas contributed to the understanding of the relationship between art and technology, particularly in the context of electronic and digital media.

Kim Stanley Robinson is a renowned American science fiction author best known for his detailed and thought-provoking futuristic narratives, particularly his exploration of ecological and social issues. He was born on March 23, 1943, in Waukegan, Illinois. Robinson's most famous works include the "Mars Trilogy," which encompasses "Red Mars," "Green Mars," and "Blue Mars." These novels combine hard science fiction with deep philosophical and political themes, focusing on the colonization and terraforming of Mars.

Liam Kofi Bright is a philosopher and professor known for his work in the areas of the philosophy of science, social epistemology, and formal epistemology. He focuses on how knowledge is constructed and shared in social contexts, often examining the roles of biases and social dynamics in the production of knowledge. Bright's work also involves the intersection of philosophy with empirical research and aims to address practical issues related to understanding knowledge in diverse contexts.

Marc Ereshefsky is a philosopher of biology known for his work in the philosophy of science, particularly concerning concepts in evolutionary theory, taxonomy, and the nature of species. He has contributed to discussions about the classification of life forms, the implications of evolutionary theory for understanding species concepts, and the philosophical interpretations of biological categories. His writing often addresses how scientific practices inform philosophical questions and how those questions, in turn, shape scientific inquiry.

Simon Schaffer is a prominent British philosopher of science and historian of science, known for his work on the history and philosophy of science, especially in relation to 18th-century British science and the interactions between science and society. He is a professor at the University of Cambridge and has contributed significantly to debates in the philosophy of science, particularly regarding the nature of scientific reasoning and evidence.

Michel Bitbol is a French philosopher and cognitive scientist known for his work at the intersection of philosophy, science, and consciousness studies. His research often explores themes related to the nature of perception, the mind-body problem, and the implications of modern scientific developments, particularly in quantum mechanics and cognitive science, for our understanding of consciousness. Bitbol has contributed to discussions on how scientific paradigms influence our understanding of reality and has criticized certain materialist interpretations of consciousness.

Michel Serres (1930–2020) was a French philosopher, historian of science, and author known for his interdisciplinary approach to philosophy, science, and culture. He contributed to various fields, including philosophy, mathematics, and the history of science. Serres was particularly interested in the relationships between science, literature, and art, and he often explored themes such as communication, nature, and the environment.

Orly Shenker may refer to a person, but there isn't widely known information available about an individual by that name as of my last training cut-off in October 2023. It's possible that they could be a private individual or a professional in a specific field not covered extensively in public sources.

Norwood Russell Hanson (1924–2017) was an influential American philosopher and physicist, best known for his work in the philosophy of science, particularly concerning the nature of scientific observation and the interplay between theory and observation. He is perhaps most famous for his concept of the "theory-laden" nature of observation, which suggests that what we see and how we interpret data are significantly influenced by our existing beliefs, theories, and frameworks.

Friendly artificial intelligence (FAI) refers to a concept within the field of artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on ensuring that the development and deployment of AI systems are aligned with human values, ethics, and safety. The idea is to create AI systems that not only understand human goals but also actively promote and uphold them, thereby minimizing the risks associated with advanced AI technologies.