SmartWater is a crime deterrent product used primarily for property marking and identification. It is a clear, odorless liquid that contains unique forensic codes, allowing law enforcement to trace stolen items back to their original owner. The product is often used by businesses, schools, and individuals to protect valuable items such as electronics, bicycles, and tools. When applied to items, SmartWater leaves an invisible mark that can only be seen under ultraviolet (UV) light.

Locked Shields is a significant international cybersecurity exercise organized by the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (CCDCOE). It simulates a large-scale cyber defense scenario, involving teams from various nations who act as defenders of a fictional country facing a cyber attack. The exercise typically includes various elements of cyber warfare, such as defending against intrusions, mitigating the effects of attacks, and responding to incidents.

A canary trap is a security technique used to detect the unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information. The concept is often applied in situations where multiple individuals or groups have access to classified or proprietary information, and the goal is to identify who may have leaked that information if it becomes public. The method involves deliberately introducing subtle variations in the information that is shared with different parties. For example, when distributing a document, minor changes might be made to specific sections, wording, or formatting for different recipients.

Hilger & Watts is a British company that specializes in engineering and manufacturing precision measuring instruments and tools. Established in the late 19th century, the company has a long history and is known for producing a variety of products, including gauges, measurement instruments, and optical devices. The company has focused on quality and precision, serving various industries such as aerospace, automotive, and manufacturing.

Neural cryptography is an area of research that combines concepts from neural networks and cryptography. The primary focus of neural cryptography is to utilize the adaptive learning capabilities of neural networks to create cryptographic systems that can securely exchange information. Here are some key aspects of neural cryptography: 1. **Key Generation and Exchange**: Neural cryptography often involves the generation of cryptographic keys that can be securely exchanged between parties.

Universal Composability (UC) is a strong security framework for evaluating cryptographic protocols. Proposed by Ran Canetti in the early 2000s, the UC framework provides a mathematical foundation for analyzing the security of protocols in a modular way, allowing them to be composed with other protocols. This approach addresses one of the main challenges in cryptography: ensuring that a system remains secure even when its components are combined in an arbitrary manner.

A zero-knowledge proof is a method used in cryptography that allows one party (the prover) to convince another party (the verifier) that they know a certain piece of information (often a secret, such as a password or cryptographic key) without revealing the actual information itself. The key characteristics of a zero-knowledge proof include: 1. **Completeness**: If the statement is true and both parties follow the protocol correctly, the verifier will be convinced of this fact.

INS Anvesh (A41) is an Indian naval survey ship that was commissioned into the Indian Navy. It is designed for various survey operations, including hydrographic and maritime surveys, which are essential for navigation, maritime safety, and resource management. The ship is equipped with advanced technology and instruments to conduct detailed mapping of seafloors and coastal areas, which play a crucial role in marine exploration, environmental monitoring, and naval operations.

Government mass surveillance projects refer to various initiatives implemented by governments around the world to monitor, collect, and analyze data on their citizens, often under the guises of national security, crime prevention, and public safety. Here are some notable examples of mass surveillance projects: 1. **PRISM** (United States) - A program run by the National Security Agency (NSA) that collects internet communications from various U.S. internet companies. It was revealed in 2013 by Edward Snowden.

Project AQUILINE is an initiative by the United States Army, aimed at developing advanced technologies for intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance (ISR), and targeting operations. It is part of a broader effort to integrate new capabilities into military operations, leveraging cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data analytics. The project focuses on enhancing the Army's ability to gather and analyze information in real time, enabling more effective decision-making on the battlefield.

The USS Liberty (AGTR-5) was a United States Navy technical research ship that operated during the 1960s. Launched in 1945 and originally designated as a cargo ship, it was converted to a technical research vessel in 1964. The ship's mission involved collecting signals intelligence and electronic intelligence to support U.S. military operations.

A "spy ship" typically refers to a naval vessel used for intelligence-gathering purposes. These ships may be employed by military and intelligence agencies to collect data on foreign naval activities, track submarines, or monitor communications. Modern spy ships are often equipped with advanced technology such as radar systems, listening devices, and satellite communication systems, allowing them to operate covertly and gather sensitive information without detection.

The Yury Ivanov class, also known as Project 18280, is a class of intelligence-gathering ships operated by the Russian Navy. These ships are designed for electronic surveillance, reconnaissance, and various intelligence-gathering operations. The class is intended to improve the Russian Navy's capabilities in signal intelligence (SIGINT) and electronic warfare.

Jacob's staff, also known as a Jacob's ladder, is a type of measuring instrument used in navigation and surveying. Historically, it consists of a long vertical rod with a movable arm or crosspiece that can be adjusted to obtain angles or measurements. The staff is often equipped with sighting devices, such as telescopes or arm sights, to help in aligning it with distant objects.

A Philadelphia rod is a type of clinical instrument used primarily in the field of orthodontics and dentistry. It is designed to aid in the analysis and treatment planning of dental and skeletal discrepancies. The device is typically a rigid rod that can be adjusted to help measure the relationship between different dental and craniofacial structures. The Philadelphia rod assists dental professionals in assessing the alignment of teeth and jaws, helping to identify issues such as malocclusion or other orthodontic problems.

Skirret is a cross-platform development tool designed primarily for building, packaging, and deploying applications in a streamlined manner. It helps developers manage their workflows by providing a unified interface to integrate various development tasks, such as code compilation, version control, and dependency management. Some key features of Skirret may include: 1. **Build Management**: Automates the compilation process for different programming languages, allowing developers to focus more on writing code rather than managing builds.

The Abney level is an instrument used in surveying and topography to measure the angle of slope or the elevation of terrain. It consists of a graduated scale, typically a circular or semi-circular arc, and a sighting device, allowing surveyors to determine vertical angles and distances. The Abney level works by allowing the user to sight a distant object at the same height as their eyes while simultaneously measuring the angle of elevation or depression.

The Condorcet paradox, named after the French philosopher and mathematician Marquis de Condorcet, refers to a situation in collective decision-making where a group's preferences can lead to a cycle, meaning that no single option can be identified as the most preferred by the majority. This paradox highlights a potential inconsistency in majority rule voting systems. To illustrate the paradox, consider three candidates: A, B, and C.

The Micromega Rule, also known as the micromega principle or micromega concept, primarily refers to a philosophical idea that contrasts the scales of existence—from the microscopic to the macroscopic. It derives its name from the science fiction novel "Micromégas," written by Voltaire in the 18th century, in which a giant from another planet encounters the humans of Earth and reflects on the vast differences in scale, perspective, and understanding.

An "overvote" occurs in an election when a voter selects more candidates than allowed on a ballot for a specific race or contest. This typically results in that particular vote being invalidated or not counted because it cannot be clearly assigned to a single candidate. Overvotes can happen in different types of voting systems, including electronic voting machines and paper ballots.