Bonnie Berger is a prominent American mathematician and computer scientist known for her work in the fields of computational mathematics, bioinformatics, and algorithm design. She has made significant contributions to various areas, including computational biology, machine learning, and combinatorial optimization. She is a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where she is also a co-director of the MIT Center for Statistical Machine Learning.

The barotropic vorticity equation is a fundamental concept in meteorology and fluid dynamics, specifically in the study of atmospheric and oceanic flows that are assumed to be barotropic. Barotropic conditions imply that the density of the fluid depends only on pressure (which simplifies the vertical density structure) rather than on temperature. ### Key Concepts 1.

A bound graph is a concept primarily used in the context of graph theory, though the term can be related to various domains such as computer science, mathematics, and other related fields. However, "bound graph" may not refer to a widely recognized term with a single definition across various disciplines.

Brady Haran is an Australian filmmaker and YouTube creator known for his educational and science-related content. He has produced a range of YouTube channels, including "Numberphile," which focuses on mathematics and numbers, and "Periodic Videos," which explores chemistry through engaging videos about the periodic table. Haran collaborates with experts and educators in various fields to create informative and entertaining videos aimed at making complex subjects accessible to a broader audience. His work emphasizes the importance of science communication and education.

Brebis Bleaney is a term associated with a specific type of sheep in French, particularly a breed known for its fine wool. However, it might also refer to Brebis Bleaney, an influential physicist known for his contributions to the field of physics and, specifically, quantum theory.

The Breit frame is a specific reference frame used in particle physics, particularly in the context of scattering processes. It is named after physicist G. Breit. In the Breit frame, the total momentum of the particle system is zero. This setup is particularly useful when analyzing the interaction of two particles, such as in collisions or decays. In the Breit frame: 1. The two incoming particles have equal and opposite three-momenta.

The Britalus rotary engine is a type of engine design that takes inspiration from the early rotary engines used in aviation during the early 20th century. These engines are characterized by their unique design where the engine's crankshaft remains stationary while the cylinders rotate around it. This design offers a high power-to-weight ratio and provides smooth operation, making it suitable for aircraft applications.

Brian Moore is a well-known scientist, recognized for his contributions to the fields of acoustics and hearing science. He is particularly noted for his research on auditory perception, including how humans perceive sound and the mechanics of hearing. Moore's work has significantly advanced the understanding of hearing aids and cochlear implants, as well as providing insights into the effects of noise on hearing. He has authored and co-authored numerous scientific papers and has been involved in various academic and professional organizations related to audiology and psychology.

The Bricard octahedron is a type of self-intersecting polyhedron that is notable in the study of geometric structures and properties. Named after the French mathematician Georges Bricard, it is an example of a polyhedron with an unusual and complex structure. The Bricard octahedron has eight faces, all of which are congruent triangles. Unlike more regular polyhedra, it features intersections where the edges cross over one another.

The British Gear Association (BGA) is a trade association based in the United Kingdom that represents the interests of the gear manufacturing industry. It serves as a platform for companies involved in gear design, production, and related services, facilitating communication, collaboration, and the sharing of best practices among its members. The BGA provides resources such as technical guidance, industry standards, and information on market trends.

Brouwersdam is a significant dam and causeway located in the Netherlands, built as part of the Delta Works, a series of dams, sluices, locks, dikes, and storm surge barriers designed to protect the southern Netherlands from the sea, particularly from the North Sea. The Brouwersdam was completed in 1971 and serves to connect the island of Goeree-Overflakkee to the island of Schouwen-Duiveland.

Caesar Saloma is a noted Filipino physicist known for his contributions to the fields of optics and photonics. He has held various academic and administrative positions, including roles at the National Institute of Physics at the University of the Philippines Diliman. Saloma is also recognized for his research work and publications in areas such as laser technology and optical engineering. His contributions have been significant in advancing scientific research and education in the Philippines.

Walter Feit is a notable mathematician recognized for his contributions to the field of group theory, particularly in relation to the theory of finite groups. He is well-known for the Feit-Thompson theorem, which proves that every finite group of odd order is solvable. This result was significant in the understanding of the structure of finite groups and has influenced much of modern algebra. Feit's work has garnered considerable respect within the mathematical community.

The Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP) is a prominent research institution located in Novosibirsk, Russia. It is part of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and is named after the physicist Arkady Budker, who was one of the pioneering figures in the field of nuclear and accelerator physics. Founded in 1957, the BINP is known for its research in various areas of physics, including nuclear physics, particle physics, and plasma physics.

Buffon's noodle is a problem in geometric probability that involves dropping a noodle (or a long, thin stick) on a plane with parallel lines drawn on it and calculating the probability that the noodle will cross one of the lines. This problem was first posed by the French mathematician Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, in the 18th century.

Arthur T. Benjamin is a mathematician known for his work in combinatorics and mathematics education, as well as his engaging presentations on mathematical topics. He is a professor of mathematics at Harvey Mudd College and is particularly recognized for his ability to make mathematics accessible and entertaining to a broader audience. Benjamin is also known for his interest in mental calculation and has demonstrated impressive mental math abilities in various performances and presentations, including TED Talks.

The Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (BAMS) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Meteorological Society (AMS). It serves as a key platform for disseminating research findings, reviews, and discussions on a variety of topics related to atmospheric and oceanic sciences, meteorology, and climate. BAMS includes original research articles, commentaries, special reports, and features that address current trends, emerging issues, and advancements in meteorology and related fields.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) is a principal federal agency within the United States Department of Labor. It is responsible for collecting, analyzing, and disseminating essential economic information related to labor market activity, working conditions, and price changes in the economy. Key functions of the BLS include: 1. **Employment and Unemployment Statistics**: The BLS publishes data related to employment levels, unemployment rates, job openings, and labor force participation.

The Bartels–Stewart algorithm is a numerical method used for solving the matrix equation of the form: \[ AX + XB = C \] where \(A\), \(B\), and \(C\) are given matrices, and \(X\) is the unknown matrix to be determined. This type of equation is known as a Lyapunov equation when \(B\) is skew-symmetric or a Sylvester equation in general.

George G. Shor is a theoretical physicist and mathematician best known for his contributions to quantum computing, particularly his development of Shor's algorithm. This groundbreaking algorithm, introduced in 1994, is designed for factoring large integers efficiently, demonstrating that quantum computers could solve certain problems much faster than classical computers. Shor's algorithm has significant implications for cryptography, particularly in breaking widely-used encryption methods, such as RSA, which relies on the difficulty of factoring large numbers as a security measure.