A fact is a statement or assertion that can be verified as true or false based on objective evidence. Facts are based on observable phenomena and can typically be proven through empirical evidence, data, or documentation. For example, "Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius at standard atmospheric pressure" is a fact because it can be tested and observed. It's important to distinguish facts from opinions, beliefs, or interpretations, which are subjective and may vary from person to person.

The Whitehead Prize is awarded by the London Mathematical Society (LMS) in the United Kingdom. It is named after the British mathematician J. N. (John North) Whitehead and is given to recognize outstanding achievements in mathematics by early-career researchers. The prize typically honors individuals who have made significant contributions to the field within a certain number of years after completing their PhD. The award aims to promote and support the careers of promising mathematicians in their formative years.

Calvin Hooker Goddard (1891–1955) was an American forensic ballistics expert, best known for his work in the field of criminalistics and his contributions to the application of firearms identification in forensic science. He played a crucial role in the development of techniques used to match bullets and cartridge cases to specific firearms, which helped to provide more scientifically grounded evidence in criminal investigations.

Ferdinand Kurlbaum, sometimes spelled as Kurlbaum, is not widely recognized in mainstream historical or cultural references as of my last update. It is possible that he could be a figure in a specific niche or local context, or perhaps someone relevant in a specialized area not documented in commonly available sources.

Louis Melsens is a Belgian mathematician recognized for his contributions to the field of mathematics, particularly in the area of algebra. However, it seems there might be limited information available about Melsens compared to more prominent figures in mathematics.

Rudolf Rothe could refer to a few different things, but the most notable reference is likely to Rudolf Rothe, a significant figure in the field of mathematics, specifically known for his work in topology and related areas.

Eugene Prange appears to be a less widely known figure, as there is limited information available about him in popular sources. It’s possible that he could be associated with a particular field, profession, or event that is not well-documented in major media.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2021, Ibrahim Kalil Konaté could refer to a specific individual, but without more context, it's hard to determine exactly who you might be asking about. The name could belong to a variety of people in different fields such as sports, academia, or the arts.

Guillaume Thomas François Raynal (1713-1796) was a French historian and philosopher, best known for his work "Histoire philosophique et politique des établissements et du commerce des Européens dans les deux Indes" (Philosophical and Political History of the Settlements and Trade of the Europeans in the Two Indies), published in 1770.

Gunnar Carlsson is a mathematician known for his contributions to several fields, particularly in algebraic topology and category theory. He is perhaps best known for his work on applied category theory and its applications in various scientific domains, including computer science, particularly in the context of topological data analysis (TDA). TDA is a method used for analyzing the shape of data and extracting meaningful patterns from it.

Günther Landgraf is not a widely recognized name in popular culture, history, or current events. It is possible that he may be a figure in a specific niche, community, or local context that isn't widely documented.

G. W. Pierce typically refers to Gerald W. Pierce, an American physicist notable for his contributions to the field of electrical engineering and acoustics. However, "G. W. Pierce" could also refer to various entities or concepts depending on the context, such as researchers, institutions, or technical terms related to specific fields.

Hae-Young Kee is a prominent figure in the field of chemistry, specifically known for her work in the area of inorganic chemistry and materials science. She is often associated with her research on molecular catalysis and semiconductor nanomaterials. Additionally, her contributions to the development of new materials and their applications in energy conversion and storage have received recognition in academic and industrial circles.

The Noether Normalization Lemma is a fundamental result in algebraic geometry and commutative algebra that relates to the structure of certain rings and their properties. Named after the mathematician Emmy Noether, the lemma provides a way to simplify the study of finitely generated algebras over a field. ### Statement of Noether Normalization Lemma: Let \( A \) be a finitely generated algebra over a field \( k \).