CP/M, which stands for Control Program for Microcomputers, is an early operating system created by Gary Kildall in the mid-1970s. It was one of the first operating systems to offer a consistent interface across different microcomputer manufacturers, making it easier for software developers to create applications that could run on multiple systems.

CP/M (Control Program for Microcomputers) is an operating system that was widely used in the late 1970s and early 1980s for microcomputers. Developed by Gary Kildall of Digital Research, CP/M was notable for being one of the first operating systems to become widely adopted in the personal computer market before the rise of MS-DOS and later Windows. CP/M software refers to a range of applications developed to run on the CP/M operating system.

CP/M, which stands for Control Program for Microcomputers, is an operating system that was widely used in the late 1970s and early 1980s for early microcomputers. Developed by Gary Kildall of Digital Research, CP/M served as a platform that enabled the execution of software applications on microcomputers based on Intel architecture, particularly those using the 8080 and Z80 processors.

This example covered for example at Video 1. "Term Symbols Example 1 by TMP Chem (2015)".

Carbon has electronic structure 1s2 2s2 2p2.

For term symbols we only care about unfilled layers, because in every filled layer the total z angular momentum is 0, as one electron necessarily cancels out each other:

So in this case, we only care about the 2 electrons in 2p2. Let's list out all possible ways in which the 2p2 electrons can be.

There are 3 p orbitals, with three different magnetic quantum numbers, each representing a different possible z quantum angular momentum.

We are going to distribute 2 electrons with 2 different spins across them. All the possible distributions that don't violate the Pauli exclusion principle are:

m_l  +1  0 -1  m_L  m_S
     u_ u_ __    1    1
     u_ __ u_    0    1
     __ u_ u_   -1    1
     d_ d_ __    1   -1
     d_ __ d_    0   -1
     __ d_ d_   -1   -1
     u_ d_ __    1    0
     d_ u_ __    1    0
     u_ __ d_    0    0
     d_ __ u_    0    0
     __ u_ d_   -1    0
     __ d_ u_   -1    0
     ud __ __    2    0
     __ ud __    0    0
     __ __ ud   -2    0

where:

For example, on the first line:we have:and so the sum of them has angular momentum $0+1\hslash =1\hslash$. So the value of $m_L$ is 1, we just omit the $\hslash$.

TODO now I don't understand the logic behind the next steps... I understand how to mechanically do them, but what do they mean? Can you determine the term symbol for individual microstates at all? Or do you have to group them to get the answer? Since there are multiple choices in some steps, it appears that you can't assign a specific term symbol to an individual microstate. And it has something to do with the Slater determinant. The previous lecture mentions it: www.youtube.com/watch?v=7_8n1TS-8Y0 more precisely youtu.be/7_8n1TS-8Y0?t=2268 about carbon.

youtu.be/DAgEmLWpYjs?t=2675 mentions that ${}^{3}D$ is not allowed because it would imply $L=2,S=1$, which would be a state uu __ __ which violates the Pauli exclusion principle, and so was not listed on our list of 15 states.

He then goes for ${}^{1}D$ and mentions:and so that corresponds to states on our list:Note that for some we had a two choices, so we just pick any one of them and tick them off off from the table, which now looks like:

Then for ${}^{3}P$ the choices are:so we have 9 possibilities for both together. We again verify that 9 such states are left matching those criteria, and tick them off, and so on.

For the $m_S$, we have two electrons with spin up. The angular momentum of each electron is $1/2\hslash$, and so given that we have two, the total is $1\hslash$, so again we omit $\hslash$ and $m_S$ is 1.

Bibliography:

The Bondwell-2 is an early portable computer that was introduced in the early 1980s. It was known for its relatively compact design compared to other computers of its time, featuring a built-in CRT display and a keyboard. The Bondwell-2 typically ran on the CP/M operating system and was equipped with an Intel 8085 or similar processor.

The Intertec Superbrain is an early personal computer that was developed in the early 1980s. It is notable for its unique design, which included a built-in monitor and a modular architecture that allowed users to expand the system's capabilities. The Superbrain was based on the Zilog Z80 microprocessor and was compatible with CP/M, an operating system widely used during that era for personal computers.

MSX-DOS is an operating system designed for the MSX standard, which was a standardized home computer architecture developed in the early 1980s. Specifically, MSX-DOS is a disk-based operating system that was created to work with MSX computers equipped with disk drives. It was inspired by MS-DOS, the popular operating system for PCs at the time, but it was specifically tailored for the MSX hardware.

Neil Gershenfeld is an American physicist, computer scientist, and educator known for his work in the field of digital fabrication and the development of the Fab Lab concept. He is a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the director of the Center for Bits and Atoms, where he focuses on the intersection of physical and digital technology.

Tatung Einstein is a brand of smart home appliances and internet of things (IoT) devices that are designed to integrate advanced technology with everyday household items. The products under the Tatung Einstein brand often include items like smart rice cookers, multi-function cooking devices, and other kitchen gadgets that allow for remote monitoring and control via smartphone applications or cloud services. The focus of Tatung Einstein typically involves combining traditional cooking methods with modern technology, enhancing convenience, efficiency, and connectivity for users.

Chaffing and winnowing is an ancient agricultural process used to separate the edible grain from the inedible chaff that surrounds it. Here's a brief overview of each step: 1. **Chaffing**: This step involves the physical process of removing the grain from its protective husk or chaff. This is typically done by threshing, which can be accomplished through various methods, such as using a threshing floor where the grain is beaten or by using a threshing machine.

Cryptography is a crucial technology that provides security for data and communications, enabling various applications across multiple fields. Here are some key applications of cryptography: 1. **Secure Communications**: - **Email Encryption**: Tools like PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) and S/MIME are used to secure email content against unauthorized access. - **Messaging Apps**: Applications like Signal and WhatsApp use end-to-end encryption to protect user conversations.

Classical cryptography refers to traditional methods of encrypting and securing information before the development of modern cryptographic techniques using computers. These classical methods primarily emerged before the 20th century and often involve manual techniques for encoding messages. Here are some of the key features and common techniques associated with classical cryptography: ### Key Features: 1. **Symmetric Key Cryptography**: Most classical cryptographic methods use the same key for both encryption and decryption.

Once upon a time in the 2010's, Ciro Santilli went to an artsy theatre venue in the suburbia of Paris, dragged by his wife then girlfriend of course.

In the venue, there was a politician, who was doing his best to show how much they supported the arts, and there were of course the artists, involved in the play.

The politician would see a political power score on top of every person's head, and would spend an amount of time talking to each person exactly proportional to that score. This meant basically one sentence to us. The words themselves didn't really matter of course, only the time spent, they just have to produce nice sounds.

One of the artists however, and he seemed quite important in the production, for some reason spent a huge amount of time speaking to us. The score the artist saw on our heads was of love, or how interested we were in the art.

Cryptographers are individuals who specialize in the study and practice of cryptography, which is the science of securing communication and information by transforming it into a format that cannot be easily understood by unauthorized individuals. Cryptography involves various techniques, including algorithms, protocols, and encryption methods, to ensure data confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation. Cryptographers work on designing and analyzing these algorithms and protocols to ensure they are robust against attacks.

Ciro Santilli intends to move his beauty list here little by little: github.com/cirosantilli/mathematics/blob/master/beauty.md

The most beautiful things in mathematics are results that are:

Good lists of such problems Lists of mathematical problems.

Whenever Ciro Santilli learns a bit of mathematics, he always wonders to himself:Unfortunately, due to how man books are written, it is not really possible to reach insight without first doing a bit of memorization. The better the book, the more insight is spread out, and less you have to learn before reaching each insight.

The concepts of the beginning and end of the universe are central questions in cosmology and have intrigued scientists, philosophers, and theologians for centuries. ### The Beginning of the Universe The prevailing scientific explanation for the beginning of the universe is the **Big Bang Theory**. According to this model: - **Singularity**: The universe began about 13.8 billion years ago from an extremely hot, dense point known as a singularity.

Acoustic cleaning is a technology that uses sound waves, typically in the ultrasonic frequency range, to clean surfaces and remove contaminants. This method can effectively reach difficult-to-access areas and is often used in industrial settings for cleaning machinery, components, and systems. Here's how it works: ### Principles of Acoustic Cleaning: 1. **Ultrasonic Waves**: High-frequency sound waves are generated by transducers and transmitted through a cleaning medium (usually a liquid).

Cryptographic attacks refer to various methods employed to compromise cryptographic algorithms and protocols, often with the aim of gaining unauthorized access to encrypted information, manipulating data, or undermining the integrity of cryptographic systems. These attacks exploit vulnerabilities in the cryptographic algorithms, implementation flaws, or protocol weaknesses.

A DNA sequence that marks the start of a transcription area.