A crash test dummy, also known as a crash dummy or anthropomorphic test device (ATD), is a life-sized model that simulates the human body during vehicular crash testing. These dummies are used to assess the safety of vehicles and their safety features by providing data on how the human body responds to various types of collisions. Crash test dummies are equipped with various sensors and instruments that measure forces, accelerations, and other data during a crash test.

Cristian S. Calude is a prominent computer scientist known for his contributions to theoretical computer science, particularly in the fields of algorithmic information theory, formal languages, and the foundations of computation. He has published extensive research and has been involved in various academic activities, including organizing conferences and editorial work for scientific journals. Calude is also notable for his work in the area of quantum computing and its implications for the theory of computation.

A quantum logic clock is an advanced type of timekeeping device that utilizes the principles of quantum mechanics to achieve unprecedented levels of precision and accuracy in measuring time. Unlike conventional atomic clocks, which primarily rely on the vibrations of atoms to keep time, quantum logic clocks harness quantum states and their superpositions to refine the measurements.

Critical exponents are a set of numbers that describe how physical quantities behave near continuous phase transitions. A phase transition is a transformation between different states of matter, such as solid, liquid, and gas, or changes between ordered and disordered phases, like in magnets or fluids. Continuous (or second-order) phase transitions occur without a latent heat and are characterized by diverging correlation lengths, specific heat, and other thermodynamic properties.

"Crossings" can refer to different topics depending on the context. Here are a few possibilities: 1. **Literature and Media**: It could refer to a book, song, or film title. For example, "Crossings" is a novel by the author of "The Mists of Avalon," Marion Zimmer Bradley, and may also refer to various other artistic works.

Cryoseism, also known as a "frost quake," is a seismic event that occurs when water in the ground freezes and expands, causing the ground to crack. This phenomenon typically happens in regions that experience significant temperature fluctuations, particularly when warm weather suddenly follows a cold spell, leading to the rapid freezing of moisture in the soil. During cryoseism, the expansion of freezing water can create underground pressure that eventually results in a loud noise and ground shaking, similar to an earthquake.

Gilda H. Loew is not widely recognized in mainstream media or literature, and there may not be significant information available about her. It is possible that she is a private individual, a professional in a specific field, or a relatively unknown public figure.

Data transformation in statistics refers to the process of converting data from one format or structure into another to facilitate analysis, improve interpretability, or meet the assumptions of statistical models. This can involve a variety of techniques and methods, depending on the objectives of the analysis and the nature of the data involved.

Quantum phase transition refers to a fundamental change in the state of matter that occurs at absolute zero temperature (0 K) due to quantum mechanical effects rather than thermal fluctuations, which are more common in classical phase transitions. Unlike classical phase transitions, which occur as a system is heated or cooled and are often driven by changes in temperature and pressure (like the melting of ice to water), quantum phase transitions are induced by changes in external parameters such as magnetic fields, pressure, or chemical composition.

Quantum pseudo-telepathy refers to a fascinating phenomenon that arises in the context of quantum mechanics and quantum information theory. It describes a situation in which two or more parties can achieve outcomes that seem to suggest some form of instantaneous communication or coordination (akin to telepathy) without any classical means of communication or signaling between them.

Quantum technology refers to the application of principles from quantum mechanics to develop new technologies and systems that leverage the unique properties of quantum systems. Quantum mechanics is the fundamental theory in physics that describes nature at the smallest scales, such as atoms and subatomic particles. Quantum technologies are built upon the exploitation of phenomena such as superposition, entanglement, and quantum tunneling.

In the context of radiotherapy, D50 refers to the dose of radiation that is required to achieve a specific biological effect in 50% of a given population or cells. This metric is often used in radiobiology and treatment planning to evaluate the effectiveness of a radiation dose in achieving tumor control or in assessing the probability of adverse effects in surrounding healthy tissues.

Daniel R. Altschuler is not a widely recognized public figure; there might be several individuals with that name in various fields. If you could provide more context or specify the domain (e.g., science, literature, business), I might be able to help you better. Please clarify what you are looking for regarding Daniel R. Altschuler.

David Budescu is a notable figure in the field of psychology, specifically recognized for his work in the area of decision-making and judgment. He has contributed to research on how people interpret and understand probabilistic information and uncertainty. His work often intersects with various fields, including behavioral economics and cognitive psychology.

David Farrar is a New Zealand blogger and political commentator known for his work in political communications and analysis. He is the founder of the blog "Kiwiblog," which focuses on New Zealand politics and current affairs. Through Kiwiblog, he shares his insights, opinions, and commentary on various political issues, events, and policies, often reflecting a center-right perspective. Farrar has also been involved in political polling and has worked with various political parties in New Zealand.

David Sherrill could refer to different individuals or contexts, depending on the field or area of interest. Without more specific information, it's hard to provide a precise answer. If you're referring to a notable person, there could be someone by that name in various fields such as academia, business, politics, or the arts. Alternatively, it might relate to a lesser-known figure or perhaps a fictional character.

David Zarefsky is a noted American academic known primarily for his work in the field of rhetoric and communication. He has made significant contributions to the study of argumentation and public discourse. Zarefsky has served as a professor at Northwestern University, where he has focused on the role of rhetoric in political discourse and the historical aspects of communication. His scholarship often explores the intersection of rhetoric with various social and political contexts.

Davies' equation, often referred to in the context of crystal plasticity and materials science, provides a relation for the flow stress of materials as a function of temperature. It is often used to describe the behavior of metals under stress, especially at elevated temperatures. In a more specific formulation, Davies' equation can be used to express the temperature dependence of yield strength or flow stress (\(\sigma\)), often including terms for the stress state, strain rate, and other factors.