Vladimir Kadyshevsky does not appear to be a widely recognized or notable figure in public knowledge as of my last update. It's possible he could be a private individual or a person who gained notoriety after my last knowledge update.

The term "Scottish physical chemists" could refer to physical chemists from Scotland or those who have made significant contributions to the field of physical chemistry while being associated with Scotland. Physical chemistry is a branch of chemistry that focuses on understanding the physical properties and changes of chemical systems. It involves the study of phenomena at the molecular and atomic levels and often overlaps with disciplines like physics and materials science. Scotland has a rich history of contributions to chemistry and the sciences in general.

Andrew D. Taylor could refer to various individuals, depending on the context, as it is a relatively common name. However, one notable Andrew D. Taylor is known for his work in political science, particularly in the area of public policy and governance. He has contributed to discussions on issues such as political behavior, elections, and the role of government in society.

James Dewar can refer to a few different things, depending on the context: 1. **James Dewar (BioChemist)**: A Scottish chemist and physicist, known for his work in cryogenics and for being the inventor of the vacuum flask, often referred to as the Dewar flask. He contributed significantly to the understanding of low-temperature physics and liquid gases.

John Anderson (born 1893, died 1962) was a Scottish philosopher known for his contributions to natural philosophy, particularly in the context of the Scottish school of realism. He was a prominent figure at the University of Glasgow, where he served as a professor of philosophy. Anderson is recognized for his critical approach to idealism and for advocating a form of realism that emphasizes the existence of the physical world independent of human perception.

Harold Spencer Jones was a British astronomer, best known for his work in the field of positional astronomy and for serving as the director of the Royal Greenwich Observatory from 1933 to 1955. He made significant contributions to the study and measurement of star positions and was involved in the development of astronomical techniques and instruments. Jones also played a key role in the adoption of the International Astronomical Union's standard time system.

Otto Heckmann (1910–2009) was a notable German astrophysicist, known primarily for his contributions to the fields of cosmic ray research and the dynamics of stellar systems. He made significant advancements in understanding the structure and evolution of stars and their interactions within galaxies. Heckmann was also involved in the development of various scientific theories and models that contributed to the broader understanding of astrophysics.

Thomas F. Anderson could refer to various individuals, as it is a relatively common name. Without additional context, such as a specific field (e.g., academia, business, politics, etc.) or notable achievements, it’s challenging to pinpoint exactly which Thomas F. Anderson you are asking about.

"Alma Howard" does not seem to refer to a widely recognized concept, person, or entity based on the information available up to October 2023. It could potentially refer to a specific individual, such as a private person or perhaps a fictional character in literature or media.

Willie W. Smith does not refer to a widely recognized person, concept, or term as of my last knowledge update in October 2023. It could potentially refer to a specific individual with that name or could be a reference to a lesser-known figure or context within a certain community or field.

Joseph Joshua Weiss does not appear to be a widely recognized public figure or concept within my training data up to October 2023. It's possible that he could be a private individual or a name that has gained relevance after that date, or could refer to someone in a specific context not covered in my data.

John A. Pyle could refer to various individuals depending on the context, but he is notably recognized as a professor of psychology who has contributed to research in areas like cognitive and developmental psychology. If you are looking for information about a specific John A.

Martin Lowry may refer to a few different things, but one of the most prominent associations is with Martin Lowry, the British chemist known for his work in the field of electrochemistry and biological systems. He is recognized for developing various concepts and theories related to ionic solutions and the physical chemistry of biological molecules.

Levitation is the phenomenon where an object is suspended in the air without physical support, allowing it to float. This can occur through various means, including: 1. **Magnetic Levitation**: Using magnetic forces to counteract gravity, often seen in maglev trains that float above the tracks. 2. **Acoustic Levitation**: Utilizing sound waves to create pressure that can hold small particles or droplets in mid-air.

A biconcave disc is a geometric shape characterized by having two concave sides, resembling a disc or a thin, flattened sphere. This shape is commonly associated with red blood cells (erythrocytes) in biology, where the biconcave structure allows for an increased surface area relative to volume. This unique shape facilitates the efficient transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide, as it enhances the cell's ability to deform and navigate through the narrow capillaries in the circulatory system.

A helicoid is a type of geometric shape or surface characterized by a helical structure that twists around an axis. It can be mathematically defined as the surface formed by moving a line (the generator) along a helical path while maintaining a constant angle with respect to the axis of rotation.

"Helix" can refer to several things depending on the context. Here are a few common uses of the term: 1. **Biology**: In biology, a helix is a three-dimensional shape that resembles a spiral. The most well-known example is the double helix structure of DNA, which describes how the two strands of DNA wind around each other.

Pierre de Fermat (1601–1665) was a French lawyer and mathematician who is best known for his contributions to number theory and for Fermat's Last Theorem. Although he was not a professional mathematician and did not publish his work in the way that many of his contemporaries did, his insights and writings laid important groundwork for modern mathematics.

János Bolyai (1802–1860) was a Hungarian mathematician known for his foundational work in non-Euclidean geometry. He is best known for developing the principles of hyperbolic geometry independently of the Russian mathematician Nikolai Lobachevsky. Bolyai's work demonstrated that it is possible to construct a consistent geometric system in which the parallel postulate of Euclidean geometry does not hold.

Qāḍī Zāda al-Rūmī, also known simply as Qāḍī Zāda, was a notable figure in the realm of Islamic scholarship and science during the late medieval period, specifically in the 15th century. He was born in 1364 in the city of Edirne (Adrianople) in present-day Turkey and is esteemed for his contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and various Islamic sciences.