Synthetic Biology Open Language (SBOL) is a standard for encoding information related to synthetic biology in a way that facilitates sharing and understanding across different platforms and tools. Introduced to improve interoperability in the field of synthetic biology, SBOL provides a structured framework for representing biological parts, devices, and systems, enabling researchers to effectively communicate about and reuse biological components.
A perfect fluid is an idealized concept in fluid dynamics and theoretical physics, particularly in the context of general relativity. Here are the key characteristics of a perfect fluid: 1. **Homogeneity**: A perfect fluid is considered to be uniform in density and pressure throughout its volume. This means that its properties do not vary from one point to another within the fluid. 2. **Isotropy**: The pressure exerted by a perfect fluid is the same in all directions.
In mathematics, a **quasimorphism** is a specific type of function that behaves similarly to a homomorphism but does not necessarily satisfy the homomorphism condition strictly.
Valery Glivenko is a name that does not have widely recognized or specific associations as of my last update in October 2021. It might refer to a lesser-known individual, or a figure not widely covered in mainstream media.
The Maximum-Minimum Identity is a mathematical principle often associated with calculus and optimization problems, specifically in the context of functions and their extrema. Although it might not have a universally recognized name, the concept generally relates to the relationship between the maximum and minimum values of a function over a certain domain.
WebTAG (Web-based Transport Appraisal Guidance) is a set of guidelines developed by the UK Department for Transport (DfT) to assist in the appraisal and evaluation of transport projects. It provides a framework for assessing the impacts of transport interventions, ensuring that considerations such as economic, social, and environmental factors are adequately accounted for in the planning and decision-making processes. The guidance includes methodologies for cost-benefit analysis, forecasting travel demand, and evaluating wider impacts.
Lou van den Dries is a mathematician known for his work in model theory, particularly concerning real and p-adic analytic structures. He has made significant contributions to the field, especially in the context of o-minimal structures, which are important in both mathematical logic and analysis. Van den Dries is also notable for his work on the connections between logic and geometry, as well as in the development of frameworks for understanding the behavior of functions in various mathematical settings.
The moduli of algebraic curves is a concept in algebraic geometry that deals with the classification of algebraic curves up to some notion of equivalence, typically isomorphism or more generally, a family of curves. The goal is to understand how many distinct algebraic curves exist, as well as the ways in which they can vary. ### Key Concepts 1.
In mathematics, particularly in physics and engineering, the term "moment" generally refers to a quantitative measure of the effect of a force applied at a distance from a point or axis. The concept is used in various contexts, and the most common types of moments include: 1. **Moment of Force (Torque)**: This is a measure of the tendency of a force to rotate an object about a specific point or axis.
"On Certainty" is a philosophical work by Ludwig Wittgenstein, composed in the latter part of his life and published posthumously in 1969. It consists of a series of remarks that explore the nature of certainty, belief, doubt, and the foundations of knowledge. The text responds to a variety of issues related to epistemology, particularly the question of how we can possess certain kinds of knowledge without needing further justification or evidence.
Kibble balance by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
The Kibble balance is so precise and reproducible that it was responsible for the 2019 redefinition of the Kilogram.
It relies rely on not one, but three macroscopic quantum mechanical effects:
How cool is that! As usual, the advantage of those effects is that they are discrete, and have very fixed values that don't depend either:
One downside of using some quantum mechanical effects is that you have to cool everything down to 5K. But that's OK, we've got liquid helium!
The operating principle is something along:
Then, based on all this, you can determine how much the object weights.
Video 1.
How We're Redefining the kg by Veritasium
. Source.
Video 2.
The Kibble Balance, realizing the Kilogram from fundamental constants of nature by Richard Green
. Source. Presented in 2022 for a CENAM seminar, the Mexican metrology institute. The speaker is from the Canadian metrology institute
Video 3. . Source. Nothing much, but fun to hear Kibble talking about his balance in beautiful English before he passed.
As of my last knowledge update in October 2023, Squaregraph is a tool designed for businesses and organizations to help visualize data and create high-quality graphics for reporting, presentations, or marketing. It often aims to make data analysis more accessible and engaging through various visualization techniques, such as graphs, charts, and infographics. Squaregraph typically offers features that allow users to analyze data, generate visual content, and customize layouts to suit specific branding or informational needs.
A Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) is a detailed graphic representation of a process system, showing the piping, equipment, instrumentation, and control devices. P&IDs are used in various fields such as chemical, oil and gas, mechanical, and environmental engineering to design, build, and manage process plants. ### Key Components of a P&ID: 1. **Piping**: The physical pipes that transport fluids, gases, or slurries through the system.
Variance is a statistical measure that reflects the degree of spread or dispersion of a set of values around their mean (average). When considering the variance of the mean and predicted responses, it is helpful to differentiate between two concepts: the variance of the sample mean and the variance of predicted responses in the context of regression models. ### Variance of the Mean 1.

Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project

Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
We have two killer features:
  1. topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculus
    Articles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
    • a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
    • a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
    This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
    Figure 1.
    Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page
    . View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivative
  2. local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:
    This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
    Figure 2.
    You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either https://OurBigBook.com or as a static website
    .
    Figure 3.
    Visual Studio Code extension installation
    .
    Figure 4.
    Visual Studio Code extension tree navigation
    .
    Figure 5.
    Web editor
    . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally.
    Video 3.
    Edit locally and publish demo
    . Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension.
    Video 4.
    OurBigBook Visual Studio Code extension editing and navigation demo
    . Source.
  3. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook-media/master/feature/x/hilbert-space-arrow.png
  4. Infinitely deep tables of contents:
    Figure 6.
    Dynamic article tree with infinitely deep table of contents
    .
    Descendant pages can also show up as toplevel e.g.: ourbigbook.com/cirosantilli/chordate-subclade
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact