Secret sharing is a method in cryptography and information security that allows a secret (such as a cryptographic key, password, or other sensitive information) to be divided into several parts, called "shares." Each share is distributed to different participants, ensuring that no single participant has access to the entire secret. The secret can only be reconstructed when a sufficient number of participants combine their shares.

A software token is a digital security tool used to authenticate users and secure access to systems and applications. Unlike hardware tokens, which are physical devices (like a key fob or smart card) that generate a one-time password (OTP), software tokens are applications or software-based solutions that can be installed on devices like smartphones, tablets, or computers.

"Computing timelines" can refer to a variety of concepts depending on the context. Generally, it may pertain to: 1. **Historical Timelines of Computing**: This involves outlining key milestones and developments in the history of computing. It could include the invention of fundamental hardware (like the first computers, microprocessors), programming languages, operating systems, and significant events (like the establishment of major tech companies, the rise of the internet, etc.).

Discontinued software refers to software that is no longer being updated, supported, or sold by its developer or publisher. This can happen for various reasons, such as the software becoming obsolete due to market changes, the emergence of better alternatives, or the company's strategic shift away from that particular product. When software is discontinued, it generally means: 1. **No Updates or Patches**: The software will not receive any further updates, which includes bug fixes, security patches, or feature enhancements.

Tropical cryptography is a field of study that combines ideas from tropical mathematics and cryptography. Tropical mathematics is a branch of mathematics that deals with the "tropical semiring," where the usual operations of addition and multiplication are replaced by operations that involve taking minimum (or maximum) and addition, respectively. In tropical mathematics, for example, the tropical addition of two numbers is the minimum of the two, and the tropical multiplication is the usual addition.

A superincreasing sequence is a sequence of numbers where each term is greater than the sum of all preceding terms.

Trace zero cryptography is a concept that relates to cryptographic systems designed to provide privacy and anonymity by ensuring that users' transactions or communications cannot be traced back to them. While the term "trace zero cryptography" is not widely known or universally defined, it generally involves techniques that minimize or eliminate the ability to link cryptographic keys or transaction history to their real-world identities.

An **undeniable signature** is a cryptographic concept that allows a signer to produce a signature on a message in such a way that they cannot later deny having signed that message, but the recipient of the signature is unable to prove to anyone else that the signer actually signed it. This contrasts with traditional digital signatures, where the signature can be verified by anyone who possesses the signer's public key.

Ada Yonath is an Israeli crystallographer and Nobel Prize winner renowned for her groundbreaking work on the structure and function of ribosomes. She was born on June 22, 1939, in Jerusalem, Israel. Yonath’s research has contributed significantly to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of protein synthesis in cells. In 2009, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, along with Venkatraman Ramakrishnan and Thomas A.

Artem Oganov is a well-known Russian theoretical chemist, recognized for his contributions to the fields of materials science and computational chemistry. He is particularly noted for his work on the prediction of crystal structures and the development of new materials, utilizing computational methods and algorithms. Oganov has made significant advancements in understanding the properties of various substances under extreme conditions, such as high pressures, and his research has implications for fields like solid-state physics and geophysics.

Gustav Rose refers to a few different topics depending on the context, so I'll outline the most notable ones: 1. **Gustav Rose (1798-1873)**: He was a prominent German mineralogist and geologist known for his work in studying minerals and their properties. Rose made significant contributions to the classification and description of minerals and was instrumental in developing mineralogy as a science.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2021, there is no widely known individual or concept by the name of Drago Grdenić. It is possible that he may be a private individual, a local figure, or someone who has gained relevance after my last update.

Evgraf Fedorov may refer to a number of individuals or topics, but without additional context, it's challenging to provide a specific answer. One well-known figure named Evgraf Fedorov was a Russian painter and one of the leading figures of the Russian avant-garde movement. Additionally, there could be contemporary references or different individuals with the same name in various fields such as science, literature, or other areas.

Ivar Werner Oftedal was a prominent Norwegian architect known for his contributions to modern architecture. He was born on July 17, 1919, and dedicated much of his career to architectural design and education in Norway. Oftedal's work often emphasized functionality and innovative design while considering the cultural and environmental context. He played a significant role in shaping contemporary architecture in Norway and was involved in various projects that reflect the architectural trends of his time.

As of my last update in October 2023, there is no widely known concept, person, or entity specifically referred to as "Joyce Waters." It’s possible that it could refer to a private individual or a term not widely recognized in popular culture, literature, or other fields.

Karimat El-Sayed is a prominent Egyptian figure known for her contributions to literature and culture. Specifically, she is recognized as a writer, poet, and possibly an activist engaged in social issues. She may also be involved in promoting the arts and education in her community. However, there might not be widespread information about her, as she may be more locally or regionally recognized.

Otto Mügge is not a widely recognized term or entity as of my last knowledge update in October 2023. It could refer to a person's name or potentially a product, brand, or historical reference not covered in common sources. Without more context, it’s difficult to provide a specific answer.

Samuel Lewis Penfield is not a widely recognized name in popular culture, history, or notable figures based on the information available up to October 2023. It's possible that he could be a lesser-known individual or someone relevant in a specific niche or context not broadly covered. If you can provide more context about who he is or the field you are referencing (e.g.

Ted Baker is not a chemist; rather, it is the name of a British luxury fashion brand known for its clothing, accessories, and lifestyle products. Founded in Glasgow in 1988 by Ray Kelvin, the brand has gained a reputation for its quirky style and distinctive designs. Ted Baker also includes a range of home and beauty products, but it is primarily recognized for its fashion offerings.

The American Crystallographic Association (ACA) is a professional organization dedicated to the advancement and promotion of the field of crystallography, which is the study of the arrangement of atoms in crystalline solids. Founded in 1948, the ACA provides a forum for researchers, educators, and practitioners in crystallography and related fields to share their work, promote collaboration, and enhance education about crystallography.