Frank H. Berkshire does not appear to be a widely recognized public figure, historical person, or entity as of my last update in October 2023. It's possible that he could be a private individual, a professional in a specific field, or a fictional character. If you have a specific context or additional details about Frank H.
Hans G. Hornung is primarily known for his work in the field of economics, particularly related to environmental economics and resource management. He has contributed to various studies and literature on the sustainable management of natural resources, the economics of biodiversity, and the impact of human activities on the environment. If you are looking for more specific information about Hans G.
Henry Selby Hele-Shaw (1854–1941) was a British engineer and inventor best known for his work in fluid mechanics and for creating the Hele-Shaw apparatus, a device used to study the flow of fluids. The Hele-Shaw cell consists of two closely spaced parallel plates, which allows for the observation of two-dimensional flows and is useful for visualizing various fluid dynamics phenomena, such as the behavior of viscous fluids and the study of stability and pattern formation in fluid flows.
Norman Riley is a Professor at the University of Virginia, where he has been involved in research and teaching in the fields of sociology and public policy. His work often focuses on social issues, health policy, and the sociological aspects of the public sector. Professors like Norman Riley typically engage in both academic research and practical applications of their findings, contributing to the advancement of knowledge in their fields and the education of students.
Robert Edmund Froude does not appear to be a widely recognized figure in historical or contemporary contexts based on information available up to October 2023. It’s possible that you may be referring to someone else or that the name is notable in a specific or niche area not covered in common knowledge sources.
Tim Pedley is a prominent British mathematician known for his work in fluid dynamics and applied mathematics. He has contributed significantly to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the study of waves and instabilities in fluids. Pedley has published numerous research papers and is often cited in works related to theoretical and applied aspects of fluid mechanics.
Veniamin Levich is a prominent physicist known for his contributions to the fields of electrochemistry and fluid mechanics. He is particularly recognized for his work on the behavior of fluids in thin films and complex fluids, as well as his research on ion transport and other phenomena at the microscopic scale.
Wolfgang Haack could refer to a few different things depending on the context, but there is no widely known figure or concept that stands out with this name in popular culture, science, or history as of my last update in October 2023. It’s possible that Wolfgang Haack might be a less prominent individual in academia, business, or other areas not covered broadly in available datasets.
Wolfgang Liebe does not appear to be a widely recognized or notable figure in popular culture, science, or history based on the data available up until October 2023. It's possible that he may be a private individual, or the name could refer to someone with local significance or a specific context not broadly documented.
Non-Newtonian fluids are fluids whose viscosity changes with the applied shear stress or shear rate, in contrast to Newtonian fluids, which have a constant viscosity regardless of the applied stress. In simpler terms, the flow behavior of non-Newtonian fluids is dependent on the conditions under which they are subjected to force.
The Emerson Cavitation Tunnel is a specialized facility used for testing and studying cavitation phenomena in fluid dynamics, particularly in relation to marine and hydraulic applications. Cavitation occurs when a liquid is subjected to rapid changes in pressure, leading to the formation of vapor bubbles. These bubbles can collapse violently, causing damage to surfaces and affecting the performance of propellers, pumps, and other fluid machinery. Emerson's facility typically includes a long, submerged tunnel where water is circulated at controlled velocities.
What does it mean that photons are force carriers for electromagnetism? by
Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
TODO find/create decent answer.
I think the best answer is something along:
- local symmetries of the Lagrangian imply conserved currents. gives conserved charges.
- OK now. We want a local symmetry. And we also want:Given all of that, the most obvious and direct thing we reach a guess at the quantum electrodynamics Lagrangian is Video "Deriving the qED Lagrangian by Dietterich Labs (2018)"
- Dirac equation: quantum relativistic Newton's laws that specify what forces do to the fields
- electromagnetism: specifies what causes forces based on currents. But not what it does to masses.
A basic non-precise intuition is that a good model of reality is that electrons do not "interact with one another directly via the electromagnetic field".
A better model happens to be the quantum field theory view that the electromagnetic field interacts with the photon field but not directly with itself, and then the photon field interacts with parts of the electromagnetic field further away.
The more precise statement is that the photon field is a gauge field of the electromagnetic force under local U(1) symmetry, which is described by a Lie group. TODO understand.
This idea was first applied in general relativity, where Einstein understood that the "force of gravity" can be understood just in terms of symmetry and curvature of space. This was later applied o quantum electrodynamics and the entire Standard Model.
From Video "Lorenzo Sadun on the "Yang-Mills and Mass Gap" Millennium problem":
- www.youtube.com/watch?v=pCQ9GIqpGBI&t=1663s mentions this idea first came about from Hermann Weyl.
- youtu.be/pCQ9GIqpGBI?t=2827 mentions that in that case the curvature is given by the electromagnetic tensor.
Bibliography:
- www.youtube.com/watch?v=qtf6U3FfDNQ Symmetry and Quantum Electrodynamics (The Standard Model Part 1) by ZAP Physics (2021)
- www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQF7kkWjVWM The Symmetry and Simplicity of the Laws of Nature and the Higgs Boson by Juan Maldacena (2012). Meh, also too basic.
Nia Imara is an artist and writer known for her work that often explores themes related to identity, culture, and the African diaspora. She combines various mediums, including painting and writing, to express her perspectives on race and social issues. Imara’s work frequently draws inspiration from her own background and experiences, and she aims to create narratives that amplify underrepresented voices.
A contour set, often referred to in the context of mathematical functions or data visualization, typically represents a set of points that have the same value of a given function.
The term "3-folds" can refer to different concepts depending on the context in which it is used. Here are a few possible interpretations: 1. **Mathematics and Geometry**: In mathematics, "3-folds" often refers to three-dimensional objects or structures. In the context of algebraic geometry, a "3-fold" (or threefold) is a type of space that is defined by three dimensions.
Direct Anonymous Attestation (DAA) is a cryptographic protocol designed to enable secure and anonymous authentication, particularly in the context of hardware security modules such as Trusted Platform Modules (TPMs). The primary purpose of DAA is to allow a TPM to prove to a verifier (like an online service or another system) that it is a genuine, certified TPM without revealing its identity or the identity of the user it is serving.
"Discriminant" can refer to different contexts, but it seems like you might be referring to a book related to mathematics, particularly algebra, or perhaps a literary work that addresses themes of discrimination or differentiation. 1. **Mathematics Context**: In mathematics, particularly in algebra, the discriminant is a component of quadratic equations that helps determine the nature of their roots.
Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project
Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
Intro to OurBigBook
. Source. We have two killer features:
- topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculusArticles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
- a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
- a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.Figure 1. Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page. View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivativeVideo 2. OurBigBook Web topics demo. Source. - local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
- to OurBigBook.com to get awesome multi-user features like topics and likes
- as HTML files to a static website, which you can host yourself for free on many external providers like GitHub Pages, and remain in full control
Figure 3. Visual Studio Code extension installation.Figure 4. Visual Studio Code extension tree navigation.Figure 5. Web editor. You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally.Video 3. Edit locally and publish demo. Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension.Video 4. OurBigBook Visual Studio Code extension editing and navigation demo. Source. - Infinitely deep tables of contents:
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact





