RE, or recursively enumerable, refers to a class of languages in the theory of computation that can be recognized by a Turing machine. Specifically, a language is said to be recursively enumerable if there exists a Turing machine that will accept any string in the language (i.e., it will halt and say "yes" if the string is part of the language) but may either reject or run forever if the string is not in the language.

Satyagraha is a philosophy and method of nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience developed by Mahatma Gandhi in the early 20th century. The term itself is derived from two Sanskrit words: "satya," meaning truth, and "agraha," meaning firmness or insistence. Thus, it can be understood as "firmness in truth" or "truth-force.

Meteorology involves the study of the atmosphere and weather phenomena, and it employs various units of measurement to quantify different aspects of the weather and climate. Here are some of the key units used in meteorology: 1. **Temperature**: - **Degrees Celsius (°C)**: Commonly used in most countries. - **Degrees Fahrenheit (°F)**: Primarily used in the United States. - **Kelvin (K)**: Used in scientific contexts.

DGH can refer to a few different things depending on the context. Here are some common interpretations: 1. **DGH (Dijkstra Graph Hierarchy)**: In computer science, it can refer to a structure related to graph theory. 2. **DGH (District General Hospital)**: In healthcare, DGH often stands for District General Hospital, which is a regional hospital providing a wide range of services to a specific locality.

"Welsh units" typically refer to a system of measurement that was historically used in Wales, particularly in agriculture and land measurement. However, the term is not widely recognized in contemporary discussions surrounding units of measurement, as most places have standardized their measurements to metric or imperial systems.

This section is about games initially designed for humans, but which ended up being used in AI development as well, e.g.:

We define a "Procedural AI training game" as an AI training game in which parts of the game are made with procedural generation.

In more advanced cases, the generation itself can be done with AI. This is a possible Path to AGI which reduces the need for human intervention in meticulously crafting the AI game: AI training AI.

The degree of reaction is a concept used in thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, particularly in the analysis of turbines, compressors, and other rotating machinery. It provides a measure of how much of the total energy conversion that occurs in a staged machine (like a turbine) is accomplished through kinetic energy changes versus potential energy changes within the fluid.

Famil-e Door is a smart doorbell and home security device developed by the Iranian company Famil-e. It is designed to enhance home security and provide communication features for homeowners. The device typically includes features such as: 1. **Video Surveillance**: Allows users to see who is at their door through a camera. 2. **Two-Way Communication**: Enables homeowners to talk with visitors through a built-in microphone and speaker.

Juliet Popper Shaffer is an American artist known for her work in the field of painting and for her contributions to contemporary art. While detailed information about her career may vary, she is recognized for her unique style and the themes she explores in her artwork.

Reid W. Barton is an American mathematician known for his contributions to various fields of mathematics, particularly in combinatorics and number theory. He is also recognized for his work in mathematical education and outreach. Barton has been involved in mathematical competitions and has contributed to the development of problem-solving skills among students.

Gabriel Carroll is primarily known as a researcher and scholar in the fields of economics and game theory. His work often focuses on topics related to preference, decision theory, and social choice.

Gideon J. Mellenbergh is a notable figure in the fields of psychology and research methodology, particularly known for his contributions to psychometrics and the statistical analysis of psychological data. He has authored or co-authored numerous academic papers and works that discuss issues related to test theory, measurement, and data analysis in psychology.

John L. Horn was an American psychologist best known for his work in the field of intelligence and psychometrics. He is particularly noted for his contributions to theories of intelligence, including the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory of intelligence, which synthesizes various models of cognitive abilities. Horn's research distinguished between fluid intelligence (Gf) and crystallized intelligence (Gc), emphasizing how these two types of intelligence develop and the ways they interact.

The Hadamard test is a quantum circuit used to efficiently estimate the inner product of quantum states or the expectation value of an observable in a quantum system. It is particularly useful in quantum information theory and algorithms, such as variational quantum algorithms.

Raymond Cattell (1905–1998) was a British psychologist best known for his work in the fields of personality, intelligence, and psychological measurement. He developed a number of significant theories and methodologies in psychology, including: 1. **16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF)**: Cattell developed this widely used personality assessment tool, which identifies key personality traits based on his factor-analytic research.

Boson sampling is a quantum computing problem that involves the simulation of bosonic particles, which are particles that obey Bose-Einstein statistics. The fundamental idea behind boson sampling is to compute the probability distribution of the number of indistinguishable bosons scattered into a series of output modes after passing through a linear optical network.

An electron-on-helium qubit refers to a type of quantum bit (qubit) formed by an electron that is bound to a helium atom, typically in a liquid helium environment. This system takes advantage of the unique properties of helium, especially its low temperature, to create a stable and coherent qubit state suitable for quantum computing.