In Unified Modeling Language (UML), a **Classifier** is a fundamental concept that represents a general kind of thing in the model. Classifiers are used to define the structure and behavior of a system. They can encapsulate attributes (data) and operations (methods), and they are an essential part of object-oriented design. ### Types of Classifiers in UML 1. **Class**: The most common type of classifier.
The key insights that it gives are:
- future and past are well defined: every reference frame sees your future in your future cone, and your past in your past coneOtherwise causality could be violated, and then things would go really bad, you could tell your past self to tell your past self to tell your past self to do something.
- every other event (to right and left, known as spacelike-separated events) can be measured to happen before or after your current spacetime event by different observers.
Animation showing how space-separated events can be observed to happen in different orders by observers in different frames of reference
. Source. Due to the failures of earlier generations, which believed that would quickly achieve AGI, leading to the AI winters, 21st researchers have been very afraid of even trying it, rather going only for smaller subste problems like better neural network designs, at the risk of being considered a crank.
While there is fundamental value in such subset problems, the general view to the final goal is also very important, we will likely never reach AI without it.
This is voiced for example in Superintelligence by Nick Bostrom (2014) section "Opinions about the future of machine intelligence" which in turn quotes Nils Nilsson:
There may, however, be a residual cultural effect on the AI community of its earlier history that makes many mainstream researchers reluctant to align themselves with over-grand ambition. Thus Nils Nilsson, one of the old-timers in the field, complains that his present-day colleagues lack the boldness of spirit that propelled the pioneers of his own generation:Nilsson’s sentiment has been echoed by several others of the founders, including Marvin Minsky, John McCarthy, and Patrick Winston.Concern for "respectability" has had, I think, a stultifying effect on some AI researchers. I hear them saying things like, "AI used to be criticized for its flossiness. Now that we have made solid progress, let us not risk losing our respectability." One result of this conservatism has been increased concentration on "weak AI" - the variety devoted to providing aids to human
thought - and away from "strong AI" - the variety that attempts to mechanize human-level intelligence
www.youtube.com/watch?v=qiMR6yAFfyA He obtained PhD from UCSB in Materials, exploring, among other things, growth of a semiconductor called lead selenide.
"Ship load" typically refers to the quantity of goods, cargo, or materials that a ship is designed to carry. It can relate to various measurements, including: 1. **Deadweight Tonnage (DWT)**: This is the maximum weight a ship can safely carry, including cargo, fuel, crew, provisions, and any other items. 2. **Cargo Capacity**: This specifically refers to the volume or weight of goods that can be loaded onto the ship for transport.
Google BigQuery alternative.
Kill stealing, often abbreviated as "ks," is a term commonly used in multiplayer online games, particularly in role-playing games (RPGs) and first-person shooters (FPS). It refers to the act of a player dealing the final blow to an enemy or monster that another player was already fighting or had significantly weakened. This can lead to frustration, as it deprives the original player of the kill, its associated rewards (like experience points or loot), and can potentially disrupt teamwork.
The term "Spin model" can refer to different concepts depending on the context, most commonly in physics, specifically in statistical mechanics and condensed matter physics. Here are some explanations of the Spin model in that context: ### 1. **Statistical Mechanics and Lattice Models**: In statistical mechanics, Spin models are used to describe systems of particles with intrinsic angular momentum (spin), which can take on discrete values (typically +1 or -1 in the simplest cases).
Model-Driven Architecture (MDA) is a software development methodology developed by the Object Management Group (OMG) that focuses on using models as the primary means of information and system development. It emphasizes a model-centric approach to software development, where software is designed and developed based on high-level abstractions rather than low-level code. ### Key Concepts of MDA: 1. **Models**: In MDA, models serve as abstract representations of the system.
Production Rule Representation is a method used in artificial intelligence (AI) and computer science to represent knowledge in the form of rules that dictate how to make inferences or take actions based on certain conditions. These rules are typically expressed in the form of "if-then" statements, where the antecedent (the "if" part) specifies conditions that need to be met, and the consequent (the "then" part) specifies the action or conclusion that follows when those conditions are satisfied.
The S9G reactor is a type of small modular reactor designed for naval applications, specifically for the United States Navy's submarines and aircraft carriers. It is part of the naval nuclear propulsion program and is utilized in the propulsion systems of Virginia-class submarines. The S9G reactor is notable for its compact design, efficiency, and advanced safety features, which contribute to the long operational life of the vessels it powers.
The term "arpent" can refer to a couple of different things, primarily relating to measurement and geography: 1. **Unit of Measurement**: An "arpent" is a traditional unit of area that has been used in France and some regions of North America, particularly in Louisiana. The exact size of an arpent can vary depending on the region, but it is generally about 0.84 acres (or approximately 0.34 hectares) in Louisiana.
As of my last update in October 2023, "Mantal" does not correspond to a widely known term or concept in English, technology, culture, or other common fields. It's possible that it could be a typo or a misspelling of another word. It could also refer to a specific brand, product, or concept that emerged after my last training data.
A square mile is a unit of area that is equivalent to the area of a square with sides that each measure one mile in length. It is commonly used in the United States and other countries that utilize the imperial system for measuring land area. To put it in perspective: - One square mile equals 640 acres. - In metric terms, one square mile is approximately 2.59 square kilometers.
Degree Lintner refers to the concept introduced by economist John Lintner, primarily in the context of the Dividend Discount Model (DDM) and corporate finance. Lintner is known for his work on dividend policy, particularly his formulation of the "Lintner model," which describes how companies adjust their dividends in response to changes in earnings.
Kilogram per cubic metre (kg/m³) is a unit of density in the International System of Units (SI). It measures the mass of a substance (in kilograms) per unit volume (in cubic metres). Density is an important physical property used in various fields, including physics, engineering, and materials science. For example: - Water has a density of approximately 1,000 kg/m³ at 4 degrees Celsius. - Air at sea level has a density of about 1.
The statampere (often abbreviated as statA) is a unit of electric current in the CGS (centimeter-gram-second) system of units, specifically in the electrostatic system. It is defined based on the electrostatic units of charge and is primarily used in contexts where electromagnetic phenomena are considered in a theoretical framework.
Standard litre per minute (SLPM or L/min) is a unit of measurement commonly used in various scientific and engineering fields to measure gas flow rates. It indicates the volume of gas flowing per minute at "standard" conditions of temperature and pressure. The "standard" conditions can vary based on context but are often considered to be at a temperature of 0 degrees Celsius (273.15 K) and a pressure of 1 atmosphere (101.325 kPa).
The term "nibble" can refer to a few different things depending on the context: 1. **Computing**: In the realm of computer science, a "nibble" is a unit of digital information that consists of four bits. Since a byte is typically made up of eight bits, a nibble can represent 16 different values (from 0 to 15 in decimal).
Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project
Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
Intro to OurBigBook
. Source. We have two killer features:
- topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculusArticles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
- a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
- a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
Figure 1. Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page. View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivativeVideo 2. OurBigBook Web topics demo. Source. - local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
- to OurBigBook.com to get awesome multi-user features like topics and likes
- as HTML files to a static website, which you can host yourself for free on many external providers like GitHub Pages, and remain in full control
Figure 3. Visual Studio Code extension installation.
Figure 4. Visual Studio Code extension tree navigation.
Figure 5. Web editor. You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally.Video 3. Edit locally and publish demo. Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension.Video 4. OurBigBook Visual Studio Code extension editing and navigation demo. Source. 
- Infinitely deep tables of contents:
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact