Daniel Sank by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
Started at Google Quantum AI in 2014.
Has his LaTeX notes at: github.com/DanielSank/theory. One day he will convert to OurBigBook.com. Interesting to see that he is able to continue his notes despite being at Google.
NQIT by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
Video 1.
Quantum Computing with Networked Ion traps by NQIT (2018)
Source. The video is a bit useless. But it does show the networked approach proposal a little bit. Universal Quantum's homepage particularly rejects that.
qiskit/hello.py by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
Our example uses a Bell state circuit to illustrate all the fundamental Qiskit basics.
Sample program output, counts are randomized each time.
First we take the quantum state vector immediately after the input.
input:
state:
Statevector([1.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j],
            dims=(2, 2))
probs:
[1. 0. 0. 0.]
We understand that the first element of Statevector is , and has probability of 1.0.
Next we take the state after a Hadamard gate on the first qubit:
h:
state:
Statevector([0.70710678+0.j, 0.70710678+0.j, 0.        +0.j,
             0.        +0.j],
            dims=(2, 2))
probs:
[0.5 0.5 0.  0. ]
We now understand that the second element of the Statevector is , and now we have a 50/50 propabability split for the first bit.
Then we apply the CNOT gate:
cx:
state:
Statevector([0.70710678+0.j, 0.        +0.j, 0.        +0.j,
             0.70710678+0.j],
            dims=(2, 2))
probs:
[0.5 0.  0.  0.5]
which leaves us with the final .
Then we print the circuit a bit:
qc without measure:
     ┌───┐
q_0: ┤ H ├──■──
     └───┘┌─┴─┐
q_1: ─────┤ X ├
          └───┘
c: 2/══════════

qc with measure:
     ┌───┐     ┌─┐
q_0: ┤ H ├──■──┤M├───
     └───┘┌─┴─┐└╥┘┌─┐
q_1: ─────┤ X ├─╫─┤M├
          └───┘ ║ └╥┘
c: 2/═══════════╩══╩═
                0  1
qasm:
OPENQASM 2.0;
include "qelib1.inc";
qreg q[2];
creg c[2];
h q[0];
cx q[0],q[1];
measure q[0] -> c[0];
measure q[1] -> c[1];
And finally we compile the circuit and do some sample measurements:
qct:
     ┌───┐     ┌─┐
q_0: ┤ H ├──■──┤M├───
     └───┘┌─┴─┐└╥┘┌─┐
q_1: ─────┤ X ├─╫─┤M├
          └───┘ ║ └╥┘
c: 2/═══════════╩══╩═
                0  1
counts={'11': 484, '00': 516}
counts={'11': 493, '00': 507}
It seems that all/almost all of them do. Quite cool.
Video 1.
FPGA Architecture of the Quantum Control System by Keysight (2022)
Source. They actually have a dedicated quantum team! Cool.
Video 2.
FPGA based servo system by Atoms & Laser (2018)
Source. The Indian lady is hardcore.
Bell circuit by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
A quantum circuit which when fed with input produces the Bell state.
Figure 1.
Quantum circuit that generates the Bell state
. Source.
The fundamental intuition for this circuit is as follows.
First the Hadamard gate makes the first qubit be in a 50/50 state.
Then, the CNOT gate gets controlled by that 50/50 value, and the controlled qubit also gets 50/50 chance as a result.
However, both qubits are now entangled: the result of the second qubit depends on the result of the first one. Because:
X-ray diffraction by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
Often used as a synonym for X-ray crystallography, or to refer more specifically to the diffraction part of the experiment (exluding therefore sample preparation and data processing).
ImageNet by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
14 million images with more than 20k categories, typically denoting prominent objects in the image, either common daily objects, or a wild range of animals. About 1 million of them also have bounding boxes for the objects. The images have different sizes, they are not all standardized to a single size like MNIST[ref].
Each image appears to have a single label associated to it. Care must have been taken somehow with categories, since some images contain severl possible objects, e.g. a person and some object.
In practice, the ILSVRC subset of ImageNet is the most commonly used dataset.
Official project page: www.image-net.org/
The data license is restrictive and forbids commercial usage: www.image-net.org/download.php. Also as a result you have to login to download the dataset. Super annoying.
The categories are all part of WordNet, which means that there are several parent/child categories such as dog vs type of dog available. ImageNet1k only appears to have leaf nodes however (i.e. no "dog" label, just specific types of dog).
A major model that performed well on ImageNet starting on 2012 and became notable is AlexNet.
Gifted education by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
If school weren't bullshit, 99% of students would be in gifted education for what they truly love and are good at.
What is sad about many programs is that they are exclusivist and non scalable, selecting people some how and non scalably educating them. We need a more "here's some projects let's do them whoever can" approach to things, maybe like Google Summer of Code.

Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project

Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
We have two killer features:
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    • a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
    This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
    Figure 1.
    Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page
    . View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivative
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    Figure 2.
    You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either https://OurBigBook.com or as a static website
    .
    Figure 3.
    Visual Studio Code extension installation
    .
    Figure 4.
    Visual Studio Code extension tree navigation
    .
    Figure 5.
    Web editor
    . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally.
    Video 3.
    Edit locally and publish demo
    . Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension.
    Video 4.
    OurBigBook Visual Studio Code extension editing and navigation demo
    . Source.
  3. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook-media/master/feature/x/hilbert-space-arrow.png
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    Figure 6.
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    .
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All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
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