A mechanical splice is a method used to join two optical fibers together, enabling the transmission of light signals from one fiber to the other. This type of splice does not require fusion (melting the fibers together) but instead uses a mechanical device to align and hold the fibers in place.

The Michelson stellar interferometer is an astronomical instrument used to measure the properties of celestial objects, particularly their angular diameters and surfaces. It is based on the principle of interference of light waves, originally developed by Albert A. Michelson in the late 19th century. The design consists of two main parts: two mirrors and a beam splitter. ### Key Components: 1. **Beam Splitter**: A device that divides incoming light from a star into two separate beams.

"Mir" in the context of lenses or optics is commonly associated with a series of Soviet-made camera lenses, particularly those designed for use with film cameras. The most notable of these is the Mir 37mm f/2.8 lens, which was widely used on various Soviet cameras, including the Zenit line. The name "Mir" translates to "peace" or "world" in Russian, and it reflects a common naming convention for Soviet optics.

A **nanophotonic coherent imager** is an advanced imaging technology that utilizes principles of nanophotonics and coherent light to capture high-resolution images. This type of imager leverages the unique properties of light at the nanoscale to enhance resolution, sensitivity, and performance beyond what traditional imaging systems can achieve.

Near-field optics is a branch of optical science that deals with the study and manipulation of light at distances that are very close to the surface of an optical sample, typically on the order of a few nanometers to a hundred nanometers. This field is particularly relevant in applications where conventional optical techniques, which rely on far-field diffraction limits, are insufficient due to the small scales involved.

Optical chaos refers to chaotic behavior observed in the dynamics of light propagation and interaction in nonlinear optical systems. In such systems, certain parameters, such as the intensity or phase of the light, can lead to unpredictable and complex patterns that are sensitive to initial conditions, which is a hallmark of chaotic systems. Key features of optical chaos include: 1. **Nonlinear Effects**: Many optical materials exhibit nonlinear properties, meaning the response of the material to light does not scale linearly with intensity.

An optical reader, often referred to as an optical scanner or optical character recognition (OCR) device, is a device that uses light to read and interpret information from physical documents or images. It converts text or images into a digitized format that can be processed by computers. ### Key Functions: 1. **Document Scanning**: Optical readers can scan printed documents, photographs, and other types of images to create digital versions.

A reference surface is a baseline or standard surface against which measurements or comparisons are made. The term can be used in different contexts, including engineering, geodesy, fluid dynamics, and more.

The Porro–Abbe prism is an optical component commonly found in binoculars and other optical devices. It is a type of roof prism system that combines the functions of image inversion and image rotation. The prism system is designed to bend the incoming light path in a way that allows for a more compact design, enabling a shorter overall length of the optical instrument. The Porro–Abbe prism typically consists of two prisms arranged in a specific orientation.

Progress in Optics is a well-known series of scholarly books that focus on various topics within the field of optics and photonics.

Quasioptics is a branch of optics that deals with the propagation of electromagnetic waves, particularly in the microwave and millimeter-wave frequency ranges, using techniques and principles that are somewhat distinct from traditional optics. While conventional optics typically focuses on visible light and involves the study of lenses, mirrors, and geometric optics, quasioptics emphasizes the wave nature of electromagnetic radiation and often utilizes structures that behave like optical components but operate at longer wavelengths.

An arpeggio is a musical technique where the notes of a chord are played in succession, rather than simultaneously. This creates a flowing, melodic sound, as the individual notes are articulated one after the other. Arpeggios can be played on various instruments, including piano, guitar, and other string and keyboard instruments. In music notation, arpeggios are often indicated with a zigzag line (or a wavy line) under or above the chord symbol.

Summarit is a brand of camera lenses manufactured by Leica. It primarily refers to a series of high-quality, compact lenses designed for Leica cameras, known for their sharpness, contrast, and pleasing bokeh. Summarit lenses are often favored by photographers for their performance and build quality, making them suitable for both amateur and professional photographers. The Summarit line typically includes various focal lengths and apertures, catering to different photography styles and needs.

"Summilux" is a designation used by Leica, the renowned German manufacturer of cameras and lenses, to refer to a specific series of high-quality lenses. Summilux lenses are known for their exceptional optical performance, fast maximum apertures, and build quality. The term "Summilux" typically indicates a lens with a maximum aperture of f/1.4, allowing for better low-light performance and shallow depth of field effects.

A two-color system is a classification or representation method that utilizes two distinct colors to convey information, differentiate categories, or indicate statuses. This system can be applied in various fields, including: 1. **Graphic Design and Art**: Two-color palettes are often used in design for simplicity and striking visual impact. This approach emphasizes contrast and can create a bold aesthetic.

A "list of ornaments" can refer to various types of decorative items used for enhancing the aesthetic appeal of objects, spaces, or individuals. The specifics of the list can vary based on context—such as holidays, interior design, fashion, etc. Here are some general categories and examples that might be included in a list of ornaments: ### Home and Interior Ornaments 1.

Origamic architecture is a creative art form that combines elements of origami (the Japanese art of paper folding) and architecture. It involves the use of folded paper to create three-dimensional architectural structures and designs. This technique allows artists to design intricate models that can represent buildings, landscapes, or fantastical designs in a way that emphasizes both detail and dimensionality.

Paper craft refers to a range of artistic activities that involve creating objects or decorations using paper. This can include a variety of techniques and styles, such as: 1. **Origami**: The traditional Japanese art of folding paper into intricate shapes and figures, such as animals, flowers, or geometric forms. 2. **Papercutting**: A technique where designs are cut out of paper to create intricate images and patterns. This can be done by hand with scissors or using a craft knife.

A paper popper is a simple, hand-held device made from paper or plastic that creates a popping sound when it is quickly snapped or pulled apart. It usually consists of a folded paper design that can be manipulated to create a sudden release of air, resulting in the popping noise. Paper poppers are often used as noise-makers or party favors and can be a fun and engaging craft project for children. They are sometimes used in various activities or events to add excitement or to entertain.

A permutation automaton is a theoretical model in computer science and automata theory that deals with the concept of permutations and their representation using states and transitions. The idea revolves around automata systems that can recognize or compute permutations of input sequences. While specific definitions and characteristics can vary, the general concept includes the following components: 1. **States**: A permutation automaton consists of a finite set of states. Each state can represent a specific arrangement or ordering of elements.