Mathematics Updated 2025-07-16
The proper precise definition of mathematics can be found at: Section "Formalization of mathematics".
The most beautiful things in mathematics are described at: Section "The beauty of mathematics".
Figure 1.
Study Hilbert spaces desert dilemma meme
. Source. Applies to almost all of mathematics of course. But we don't care, do we!
Yang-Mills existence and mass gap Updated 2025-07-16
Video 1.
Yang-Mills 1 by David Metzler (2011)
Source.
A bit disappointing, too high level, with very few nuggests that are not Googleable withing 5 minutes.
Breakdown:
Video 2. Source. 2 hour talk at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics. Too mathematical, 2021 Ciro can't make much out of it.
Video 3.
Lorenzo Sadun on the "Yang-Mills and Mass Gap" Millennium problem
. Source. Unknown year. He almost gets there, he's good. Just needed to be a little bit deeper.
Matrix inverse Updated 2025-07-16
When it exists, which is not for all matrices, only invertible matrix, the inverse is denoted:
Metagenomics Updated 2025-07-16
Experiments that involve sequencing bulk DNA found in a sample to determine what species are present, as opposed to sequencing just a single specific specimen. Examples of samples that are often used:
One related application which most people would not consider metagenomics, is that of finding circulating tumor DNA in blood to detect tumors.
Methane Updated 2025-07-16
TODO examples:
Figure 1.
Hierarchy of topological, metric, normed and inner product spaces
. Source.
yolov5-pip Updated 2025-07-16
OK, now we're talking, two liner and you get a window showing bounding box object detection from your webcam feed!
python -m pip install -U yolov5==7.0.9
yolov5 detect --source 0
The accuracy is crap for anything but people. But still. Well done. Tested on Ubuntu 22.10, P51.
Video 1.
fcakyon/yolov5-pip webcam object detection demo by Ciro Santilli (2023)
Source.
You aren't gonna need it Updated 2025-07-16
Sometimes you are really certain that something is a required substep for another thing that is coming right afterwards.
When things are this concrete, fine, just do the substep.
But you have to always beware of cases where "I'm sure this will be needed at some unspecified point in the future", because such points tends to never happen.
YAGNI is so fundamental, there are several closely related concepts to it:
Figure 1.
xkcd 2730: Code Lifespan
. Source.
Fields Medal Updated 2025-07-16
That 15,000 canadian dollar prize though, what a joke! That's what you get when an impoverished scientist, and not a rich industrialist, creates a prize!
Kyoto medal Updated 2025-07-16
Microwave source Updated 2025-07-16
Microwave only found applications into the 1940s and 1950s, much later than radio, because good enough sources were harder to develop.
One notable development was the cavity magnetron in 1940, which was the basis for the original radar systems of World War II.
Web portal Updated 2025-07-16
Yttrium barium copper oxide Updated 2025-07-16
Upside: superconducting above 92K, which is above the 77K of liquid nitrogen, and therefore much much cheaper to obtain and maintain than liquid helium.
Downside: it is brittle, so how do you make wires out of it? Still, can already be used in certain circuits, e.g. high temperature SQUID devices.
Many hits appear to happen on the same days, and per-day data does exist: archive.org/details/widecrawl but apparently cannot be publicly downloaded unfortunately. But maybe there's another way? TODO select candidates.
Mineral Updated 2025-07-16
Minkowski inner product matrix Updated 2025-07-16
Since that is a symmetric bilinear form, the associated matrix is a symmetric matrix.
By default, we will use the time negative representation unless stated otherwise:
but another equivalent one is to use a time positive representation:
The matrix is typically denoted by the Greek letter eta.

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