KEGG Updated 2025-07-16
For a commented initial example, see: e. Coli K-12 MG1655 gene thrA.
KEGG does the visual maps well.
But BioCyc is generally better otherwise.
Roche Biochemical Pathways Updated 2025-07-16
TODO human presumably?
I don't think it has any advantage over KEGG however, besides historical interest? Maybe slightly more manual layout and so more beautiful?
James Somers (rightly) likes to point to it as a "biology is awesome" thing.
CIDARLAB/cello Updated 2025-07-16
The input is in Verilog! Overkill?
Then it essentially maps to a standard cell library of biological primitives!
OK, you have to share your phone with the company to prevent spam which forces us into messaging software that force you to have a mobile phone, but why do you also have to share your phone with contacts? So you are then forced to give your phone number away on the Internet.
Tuning fork Updated 2025-07-16
Moving magnet and conductor problem Updated 2025-07-16
This is a well known though experiment, which Richard Feynman used to emphasize
In the above experiment:
  • from the wire frame, the charge feels electromagnetic force, because it is moving and there is a magnetic field
  • from the single charge frame, there is still magnetic field (positive charges are moving), but the body itself is not moving, so there is no force!
The solution to this problem is length contraction: the positive charges are length contracted and the moving electrons aren't, and therefore they are denser and therefore there is an effective charge from that frame.
If is the change of basis matrix, then the matrix representation of a bilinear form that looked like:
then the matrix in the new basis is:
Sylvester's law of inertia then tells us that the number of positive, negative and 0 eigenvalues of both of those matrices is the same.
Proof: the value of a given bilinear form cannot change due to a change of basis, since the bilinear form is just a function, and does not depend on the choice of basis. The only thing that change is the matrix representation of the form. Therefore, we must have:
and in the new basis:
and so since:
Pandoc Updated 2025-07-16
This is good software.
If it only it were written in JavaScript instead of Haskell (!?), then Ciro might have used it as the basis for OurBigBook Markup.
karlcow/markdown-testsuite Updated 2025-07-16
Ciro Santilli was contributing to this, when CommonMark left private mode and killed it, thus wasting many hours of Ciro's time.
CommonMark Updated 2025-07-16
CommonMark is a good project. But its initial release method was not very nice, they first developed everything behind closed doors with the big adopters like GitHub and Stack Overflow, and only later released the thing read, thus wasting the time of people who were working on alternative in the meanwhile, e.g. github.com/karlcow/markdown-testsuite which Ciro contributed to: Ciro Santilli's minor projects.
Authentication (cryptography) Updated 2025-07-16
In the context of cryptography, authentication means "ensuring that the message you got comes from who you think it did".
Authentication is one of the hardest parts of cryptography, because the only truly secure way to do it is by driving to the other party yourself to establish a pre-shared key so you can do message authentication code. Or to share your public key with them if you are satisfied with the safety of post-quantum cryptography.

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