In the context of wave-like equations, an open-boundary condition is one that "lets the wave go through without reflection".
This condition is very useful when we want to simulate infinite domains with a numerical method. Ciro Santilli wants to do this all the time when trying to come up with demos for his physics writings.
Here are some resources that cover such boundary conditions:
Bilinear map by Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16
Linear map of two variables.
More formally, given 3 vector spaces X, Y, Z over a single field, a bilinear map is a function from:
that is linear on the first two arguments from X and Y, i.e.:
Note that the definition only makes sense if all three vector spaces are over the same field, because linearity can mix up each of them.
The most important example by far is the dot product from , which is more specifically also a symmetric bilinear form.
Adjoint operator by Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16
Given a linear operator over a space that has a inner product defined, we define the adjoint operator (the symbol is called "dagger") as the unique operator that satisfies:

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