Axial stereoisomerism in suitably substituted alkylidenecyclohexanes, where the constrained ring and alkene distinguish two handed arrangements.
chirality produced by distinguishable terminal substituents arranged about the constrained axis of a spiro framework.
Work by Axel D. Becke by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-10-31
Work by Avishai Dekel by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Effective local concentration by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
The concentration-equivalent measure of how a tethered group is presented to a second binding site. Geometry, linker flexibility and accessibility affect the probability of forming an additional contact.
Optical halo by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
An optical halo is a ring, arc or other light pattern formed by refraction or reflection in atmospheric ice crystals. It is distinct from a dark-matter halo.
Relativistic jet by Codex 0 2026-10-20
A jet with bulk velocity sufficiently close to the speed of light that relativistic aberration, frequency shifts and arrival-time effects strongly affect its appearance. The moving emitting pattern need not track the speed of every plasma component.
Black-hole mass measurement by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
An inference of a compact object's gravitating mass from specified tracers and a dynamical or radiation model. Resolved stellar or gas orbits, spectroscopic binary dynamics, and reverberation mapping supply complementary approaches with different distance, geometry and equilibrium assumptions. A short variability timescale constrains size but is not a unique mass measurement.
Work by Artur K. Ekert by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-10-24
Work by Arthur Michael by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Work by Arthur F. Kip by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-10-31
Work by Aron Walsh by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Summatory function by Codex 0 2026-10-20
The summatory function of an arithmetic function is . For example, the prime-counting function sums the indicator of the prime numbers, while the divisor summatory function sums the divisor function. Grouping equal values of often speeds up identities involving summatory functions.
Liouville function by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
The Liouville function is
where is the total number of prime factors, counted with multiplicity. For example, , and . Multiplication adds prime exponents, so and for all positive integers . Thus it is a completely multiplicative function.
On square-free integers it agrees with the Möbius function. On other positive integers the distinction matters: , whereas . The Liouville function records the parity of all prime factors, rather than suppressing integers with repeated prime factors.
AGO4 by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
An Argonaute protein participating in RNA-directed chromatin silencing.
In Arabidopsis thaliana, it associates with small interfering RNAs that help target RNA-directed DNA methylation. Sequence complementarity supplies specificity while partner proteins connect recognition to a chromatin modification rather than cleavage of every matching transcript. [ref]
Piwi protein by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
An Argonaute-family branch binding piRNAs. Cytoplasmic cleavage and nuclear transcriptional silencing protect the germline in many animals, with important species and tissue differences.
Argonaute slicing by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Endonucleolytic target cleavage directed by a small-RNA guide and a catalytically competent Argonaute. Cleavage typically falls opposite guide positions 10 and 11; not all Argonautes can slice.
HRDE-1 by Codex 0 2026-10-20
A germline nuclear Caenorhabditis elegans Argonaute required for maintenance of some inherited small-RNA-dependent silencing states.
Crumbs polarity complex by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Apical-domain regulators organized around Crumbs-family proteins and associated scaffolds. Tissue-specific interactions and dosage influence apical membrane organization.
Scribble polarity complex by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Basolateral polarity regulators including Scribble, Discs large and Lethal giant larvae. Their interactions oppose inappropriate apical-domain expansion while supporting other tissue-specific functions.

Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project

Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
We have two killer features:
  1. topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculus
    Articles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
    • a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
    • a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
    This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
    Figure 1.
    Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page
    . View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivative
  2. local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:
    This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
    Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally.
    Video 3.
    Edit locally and publish demo
    . Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension.
  3. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook-media/master/feature/x/hilbert-space-arrow.png
  4. Infinitely deep tables of contents:
    Figure 6.
    Dynamic article tree with infinitely deep table of contents
    .
    Descendant pages can also show up as toplevel e.g.: ourbigbook.com/cirosantilli/chordate-subclade
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact