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A 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition joining a nitrone to an alkene. Intramolecular tethering controls regioselectivity and relative approach; the nitrone nitrogen–oxygen bond can later be cleaved reductively.
An oxidation increases an oxidation state, recording loss from the formal electron assignment. For , the increase is . Oxidation need not involve oxygen.
Interconversion of isomers without changing the overall molecular formula. Conformational interconversion can be kinetically slow when rotation is hindered.
Interconversion of isomers without changing the overall molecular formula. Conformational interconversion can be kinetically slow when rotation is hindered.
Chromium is the chemical element with atomic number 24 and symbol . It is a transition metal. A chromium-rich passive oxide layer helps stainless steel resist corrosion. Chromium(III) and chromium(VI) compounds have substantially different bonding, reactivity, and environmental behavior, so an oxidation state is essential when discussing a chromium compound.
Chromium is the chemical element with atomic number 24 and symbol . It is a transition metal. A chromium-rich passive oxide layer helps stainless steel resist corrosion. Chromium(III) and chromium(VI) compounds have substantially different bonding, reactivity, and environmental behavior, so an oxidation state is essential when discussing a chromium compound.
Chromium is the chemical element with atomic number 24 and symbol . It is a transition metal. A chromium-rich passive oxide layer helps stainless steel resist corrosion. Chromium(III) and chromium(VI) compounds have substantially different bonding, reactivity, and environmental behavior, so an oxidation state is essential when discussing a chromium compound.
W. Gregory Jackson coauthored research on hydrolysis.[ref]
Base hydrolysis of pentaamminecobalt complexes by W. Gregory Jackson and C. N. Hookey. publication title and author list
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction involving water that breaks a chemical bond. The free energy released by suitably coupled ATP hydrolysis can drive active transport; the available free energy depends on the actual composition and conditions.
C. N. Hookey coauthored research on hydrolysis.[ref]
Base hydrolysis of pentaamminecobalt complexes by W. Gregory Jackson and C. N. Hookey. publication title and author list
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction involving water that breaks a chemical bond. The free energy released by suitably coupled ATP hydrolysis can drive active transport; the available free energy depends on the actual composition and conditions.
Sanford Sillman coauthored regional photochemical modelling of the sensitivity of ozone to nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons. The work distinguishes chemical regimes rather than assuming that reducing either precursor has the same effect everywhere.
Competing radical production, propagation, and termination processes can change the response. This is why a regional ozone-control strategy needs information about chemical regime as well as emission totals.[ref]
The sensitivity of ozone to nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons in regional ozone episodes by Sanford Sillman and others. Research topic and author attribution in the primary publication
M. D. Petters coauthored a single-parameter description of aerosol hygroscopic growth and cloud-condensation activity with S. M. Kreidenweis. The hygroscopicity parameter summarizes how dissolved material changes a droplet's water activity.
Combining that parameter with dry particle diameter estimates the critical supersaturation for activation. The construction connects chemical composition with droplet formation through a measurable, compact model.[ref]
A single parameter representation of hygroscopic growth and cloud condensation nucleus activity by M. D. Petters and S. M. Kreidenweis. Research topic and author attribution in the primary publication
S. M. Kreidenweis coauthored a hygroscopicity framework with M. D. Petters for relating aerosol water uptake to cloud-condensation activity. The framework balances solute effects with the curvature contribution to droplet vapor pressure.
A particle's dry diameter and hygroscopicity jointly affect its activation threshold. Thus two equally sized particles need not form cloud droplets at the same supersaturation if their compositions differ.[ref]
A single parameter representation of hygroscopic growth and cloud condensation nucleus activity by M. D. Petters and S. M. Kreidenweis. Research topic and author attribution in the primary publication
David Archer coauthored analysis of the long atmospheric persistence of fossil-fuel carbon dioxide. Ocean uptake, carbonate compensation, and weathering act on different timescales.
The response to an added carbon pulse therefore cannot generally be represented by one exponential lifetime. Rapid exchange into the ocean is also different from permanent removal into a geological reservoir.[ref]
Atmospheric Lifetime of Fossil Fuel Carbon Dioxide by David Archer and others. Research topic and author attribution in the primary publication
L. T. Molina coauthored experiments with Mario Molina on production of chlorine peroxide from the self-reaction of chlorine monoxide. The work used a low-temperature flow system and infrared and ultraviolet identification of the product.
The dimer provides an intermediate in the chlorine monoxide dimer cycle, which can destroy ozone catalytically. Identifying the intermediate links an atmospheric reaction scheme to a laboratory observation.[ref]
Production of chlorine oxide (Cl2O2) from the self-reaction of the chlorine oxide (ClO) radical by L. T. Molina and M. J. Molina. Research topic and author attribution in the primary publication
Junichi Uenishi developed a selective route from gem-dibromoalkenes to geometrically pure (Z)-bromoalkenes. The palladium-catalysed hydrogenolysis removes one bromine substituent while controlling the geometry of the remaining carbon–carbon double bond.[ref]
A general and convenient synthetic method of geometrically pure (Z)-1-bromo-1-alkenes by Junichi Uenishi and others. 1996, pp.6759–6762: selective palladium-catalysed hydrogenolysis
Vincent Chan coauthored research on dynamic kinetic resolution.[ref]
Dynamic kinetic resolution of atropisomeric amides by Vincent Chan and others. publication title and author list
Selective conversion of interconverting substrate stereoisomers to an enriched product. Unlike a simple kinetic resolution, rapid substrate interconversion can in principle allow more than 50% yield of one stereoisomer.
Harold W. Woolley helped compile quantitative properties from thermodynamics of hydrogen, distinguishing its isotopic forms and spin isomers of hydrogen. The compilation compares orthohydrogen and parahydrogen equilibrium calculations with spectral and thermal evidence. It also distinguishes a fixed-composition sample of normal hydrogen from a mixture allowed to reach spin-isomer equilibrium.[ref]
Compilation of Thermal Properties of Hydrogen in Its Various Isotopic and Ortho-Para Modifications by Harold W. Woolley and others. 1948, section III.2 and table 12
NBS author of the hydrogen thermodynamic compilation cited in Compilation of Thermal Properties of Hydrogen in Its Various Isotopic and Ortho-Para Modifications by Harold W. Woolley and others. The institutional article byline verifies this author name.
Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project
Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
Intro to OurBigBook
. Source. We have two killer features:
- topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculusArticles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
- a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
- a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
Figure 1. Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page. View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivativeVideo 2. OurBigBook Web topics demo. Source. - local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
- to OurBigBook.com to get awesome multi-user features like topics and likes
- as HTML files to a static website, which you can host yourself for free on many external providers like GitHub Pages, and remain in full control
Figure 2. You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either OurBigBook.com or as a static website.
Figure 3. Visual Studio Code extension installation.
Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally. Video 3. Edit locally and publish demo. Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension. 
- Infinitely deep tables of contents:
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact