Liangyu Li coauthored research on electrode.^[ref]

An electrode is an electronic electrical conductor in contact with an electrolyte. In a cell carrying sustained redox electric current, chemical reactions at this interface exchange electrons with chemical species. An electrode can participate in the chemical reaction, as the dissolving zinc anode of a Daniell cell does, or provide a conducting surface without appearing in the net chemical equation. This distinction is illustrated by active and inert electrodes in Flowers, Theopold, Langley and Robinson, Chemistry 2e, §17.2.

R. P. Turcotte investigated radiation damage in actinide dioxides, comparing irradiation, self-damage, and annealing. Alpha decay creates both an emitted particle and a recoiling daughter nucleus.

Their different masses and energies produce different patterns of energy deposition and atomic displacement. Separating these contributions helps explain why radiation damage cannot be estimated from the emitted alpha particle alone.^[ref]

Kyle D. Gilroy surveyed synthetic routes and properties of bimetallic nanocrystals. Distinguishing an alloy from a core–shell particle makes the spatial arrangement of the two metals part of the material specification, alongside its overall composition.^[ref]

L. Gagliano coauthored research on emission.^[ref]

Emission is the production of electromagnetic radiation by a physical system. Mechanisms include accelerated charges, transitions between quantum states and thermal fluctuations.

Tao Du coauthored an atomistic study of passivation in hydrated silicate glasses. The work examines how restructuring of an alteration layer affects transport and continued glass dissolution.

This connects a changing atomic network with a macroscopic corrosion rate: a surface layer is chemically active and evolving, rather than simply an inert barrier of fixed thickness.^[ref]

Colin D. Bain coauthored research on monolayer.^[ref]

A monolayer is a single layer of chemical atoms or molecules. In the Langmuir adsorption model, a complete monolayer occupies every adsorption site; partial surface coverage leaves vacancies within that first layer. One layer need not mean one molecule per surface chemical atom.

George M. Whitesides coauthored experiments controlling the surface order of thiol monolayers on gold. Hydroxyl-terminated chains and mixtures of chain lengths connect molecular organization with surface hydrophilicity.

The chemical identity of a terminal group is only part of the surface specification: packing and the surrounding chains can change how that group is exposed.^[ref]

Balázs Orbán coauthored research on carbon.^[ref]

Carbon is the chemical element with atomic number 6 and symbol $\mathrm{C}$. Its ability to form chains, rings, and multiple bonds underlies organic chemistry. Diamond and graphite contain the same element but different bonding networks, demonstrating how structure can transform hardness and electrical behavior without changing elemental composition.

Tibor Höltzl coauthored research on carbon.^[ref]

Carbon is the chemical element with atomic number 6 and symbol $\mathrm{C}$. Its ability to form chains, rings, and multiple bonds underlies organic chemistry. Diamond and graphite contain the same element but different bonding networks, demonstrating how structure can transform hardness and electrical behavior without changing elemental composition.

C.-P. Wong coauthored research on solution.^[ref]

A chemical solution is a homogeneous mixture in which designated solutes are distributed in a solvent. Representative equal-volume samples have the same composition after mixing. Individual molecules and ions remain distinguishable. The solute/solvent labels describe their roles in this mixture.

Song Lu coauthored research on polydimethylsiloxane.^[ref]

A flexible silicone polymer that can form an elastomer when lightly crosslinked. The network's recoverable deformation provides an example of rubber elasticity.

Researcher in bacterial motility. With Daniel E. Koshland Jr., Macnab studied gradient sensing in chemotaxis, helping explain how a moving bacterium can extract directional information from changes in its environment.^[ref]

Researcher in biochemical signaling. With Robert M. Macnab, Koshland investigated gradient sensing in bacterial chemotaxis, connecting changes in an external chemical stimulus with control of movement.^[ref]

Researcher in mammalian development. Tzouanacou and collaborators used clonal analysis to investigate lineage segregation, connecting the descendants of individual embryonic cells with the order of developmental restrictions.^[ref]

Researcher in early mammalian development. Gerri and collaborators investigated initiation of a conserved trophectoderm program in human, cow and mouse embryos, connecting comparative measurements with the origin of an extraembryonic lineage.^[ref]

Researcher in vertebrate development. Steventon and collaborators compared contributions of growth and tissue convergence to posterior elongation, separating two mechanisms that can produce a similar increase in body length.^[ref]

Researcher in vertebrate development. Attardi and collaborators investigated neuromesodermal progenitors as a source of spinal-cord cells, connecting a conserved developmental population with species differences in growth dynamics.^[ref]

Researcher in Drosophila development. Schüpbach studied cooperation between germline and somatic cells during oogenesis, connecting communication between tissues with dorsal–ventral patterning of the egg and embryo.^[ref]

Researcher in developmental patterning. Sen and collaborators studied spatially restricted Pipe expression in the Drosophila egg chamber, connecting information in maternal tissues with the embryo’s dorsal–ventral polarity.^[ref]

Researcher in comparative embryology. Boroviak and collaborators compared single-cell expression profiles of human, marmoset and mouse embryos, identifying shared and divergent features of development before implantation.^[ref]