Thomas Fox coauthored research on tetrahydrofuran.^[ref]

Tetrahydrofuran is a cyclic ether solvent. Its oxygen can coordinate lithium ions and alter the aggregation of organolithium reagents.

Heike Hausmann coauthored research on tetrahydrofuran.^[ref]

Tetrahydrofuran is a cyclic ether solvent. Its oxygen can coordinate lithium ions and alter the aggregation of organolithium reagents.

Harald Günther coauthored research on tetrahydrofuran.^[ref]

Tetrahydrofuran is a cyclic ether solvent. Its oxygen can coordinate lithium ions and alter the aggregation of organolithium reagents.

William S. Johnson developed a stereoselective orthoester variant of the Claisen rearrangement. The 1970 report connects the method with formation of trans-trisubstituted carbon–carbon double bonds and the synthesis of squalene.^[ref]

Jeffrey M. Robertson used model reactions to investigate intermediates in liquid-crystal polymer synthesis. Trapping experiments with secondary amines supported formation of a quinoid ketene through E1cb elimination, connecting a proposed intermediate with an observable product.^[ref]

Robert Burns Woodward developed strategies for the total synthesis of structurally complex natural products. His 1965 Nobel lecture uses the synthesis of cephalosporin C to explain the problems of constructing a target's carbon skeleton, arranging functional groups, and controlling stereochemistry. The synthesis becomes an argument about molecular structure as well as a route to a substance.^[ref]

Roald Hoffmann developed the isolobal analogy, relating molecular fragments through their frontier orbitals. Comparable number, symmetry, shape, energy, and occupation of these orbitals can suggest related bonding patterns.

This connects inorganic and organic chemistry without claiming that equal total electron counts guarantee identical reactivity. The analogy concerns the orbitals available to make bonds.^[ref]

Matthias Hofmann combined computational chemistry with NMR spectroscopy to resolve the solution structure of an arachno borane anion. Comparing calculated structures and NMR behaviour identified a fluxional structure and distinguished the lowest-energy form from an intermediate involved in rearrangement.^[ref]

Travis S. Grimes coauthored research on americium.^[ref]

Americium is the chemical element with atomic number 95 and symbol $\mathrm{Am}$. It is a actinide. It has no stable isotopes. Americium-241 is an alpha emitter used in some ionization smoke detectors, where the radiation maintains a small electrical current that smoke particles disturb.

Samuel Froeschke coauthored research on solution.^[ref]

A chemical solution is a homogeneous mixture in which designated solutes are distributed in a solvent. Representative equal-volume samples have the same composition after mixing. Individual molecules and ions remain distinguishable. The solute/solvent labels describe their roles in this mixture.

Yi-Chou Tsai coauthored research on metal-metal bond.^[ref]

A metal-metal bond joins two metal centers directly through overlap of their atomic orbitals. A single bond contributes one electron to the local count at each metal in conventional electron counting. Bridging ligands can accompany direct bonding, but a short bridged separation alone does not establish its bond order.

Thomas P. Onak coauthored research on carborane.^[ref]

A borane-derived cluster containing skeletal carbon vertices. In a simple neutral count, a CH vertex contributes three skeletal electrons while BH contributes two.

Russell N. Grimes coauthored research on carborane.^[ref]

A borane-derived cluster containing skeletal carbon vertices. In a simple neutral count, a CH vertex contributes three skeletal electrons while BH contributes two.

Kenneth Wade coauthored research on carborane.^[ref]

A borane-derived cluster containing skeletal carbon vertices. In a simple neutral count, a CH vertex contributes three skeletal electrons while BH contributes two.

Robert E. Ireland developed synthetic uses of the ester-enolate Claisen rearrangement, now called the Ireland–Claisen rearrangement. Allylic esters are converted to enolates or silyl ketene acetals before a concerted rearrangement forms a new carbon-carbon bond.

Control of enolate geometry helps control product stereochemistry. The transformation therefore illustrates how stereochemical information introduced in one preparation step can guide bond formation in a later step.^[ref]

Otto Diels and Kurt Alder developed the Diels-Alder reaction, a cycloaddition joining a diene with pi conjugation with a dienophile. Its usefulness comes from building a six-membered ring while preserving a predictable relationship between the starting materials' spatial arrangement and the product's stereochemistry.^[ref]

Kurt Alder and Otto Diels developed the Diels-Alder reaction, in which a diene with pi conjugation and a dienophile combine to build a six-membered ring. The transformation creates two carbon–carbon chemical bonds in one ring-forming step, explaining its importance in constructing complex organic molecules.^[ref]

Makoto Kumada helped develop cross-coupling reaction between Grignard reagents and organic organohalogen compounds using nickel–phosphine complexes as catalysts. The method joins two carbon-containing fragments by a new carbon–carbon chemical bond, making an organomagnesium reagent useful for carbon-skeleton construction.^[ref]

Simon D. Kloß coauthored research on reduction.^[ref]

A reduction decreases an oxidation state, recording gain in the formal electron assignment. For ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{2+}+2e^{-}\to \mathrm{Cu}$, the decrease is $+2\to 0$. The reduced chemical species serves as the oxidizing agent in the coupled redox.

William Clegg coauthored research on crystal structure.^[ref]

A crystal structure specifies the chemical species and spatial arrangement of the chemical atoms or ions in a crystal. For an ideal periodic structure, separate two ingredients: a Bravais lattice specifies the translations that repeat the arrangement, and an atomic basis of a crystal specifies the chemical motif repeated at every lattice point. The outward shape, or crystal habit, is a different description: the internal arrangement is what this article describes.