A compound containing $\mathrm{R}-\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{H}$. Its oxygen–oxygen bond distinguishes it from the corresponding alcohol.

The silylating reagent $\mathrm{tBuM}{\mathrm{e}}_2\mathrm{SiCl}$, commonly abbreviated TBSCl. nucleophilic substitution at silicon converts an alcohol into a silyl ether.

A macrocyclic scaffold constructed from phenolic rings and connecting methylene groups.

A hydrogen-bonding unit capable of forming a strongly associated, self-complementary dimer through a four-hydrogen-bond array.

A fused two-ring aromatic hydrocarbon.

Lead zirconate titanate is an oxide solid solution commonly written $\mathrm{Pb}(\mathrm{Z}{\mathrm{r}}_{\mathrm{x}}\mathrm{T}{\mathrm{i}}_{1-\mathrm{x}}){\mathrm{O}}_3$. Its perovskite structure can support switchable electric polarization and a strong piezoelectricity response.

Changing the zirconium-to-titanium ratio changes the competing crystal structures and the response to an applied field or stress. Composition, domain configuration, and processing therefore matter when using the material as a transducer.

An oxide semiconductor whose common wurtzite phase is piezoelectric.

The ionic compound LiF, a discharge product of a lithium–carbon monofluoride battery.

A hydride reagent that can coordinate nearby oxygen donors while reducing a carbonyl.

A molecular titanium(IV) chloride used as a Lewis acid.

A zinc salt used as a Lewis acid and coordination reagent.

A neutral oxygen-donor extractant, $\mathrm{OP}(\mathrm{OBu}{)}_3$, often abbreviated TBP. It can solvate metal nitrate species in solvent extraction. Selectivity depends on acidity, metal oxidation state, diluent and subsequent stripping conditions.

$(\mathrm{iBu}{)}_2\mathrm{AlH}$, a hydride reducing reagent. Low-temperature, controlled-stoichiometry reduction can convert an ester into an aldehyde or a lactone into a lactol; conditions must prevent further reduction.

An aqueous solution of hydrogen fluoride. In silicon-processing mixtures it can dissolve oxidized silicon-containing surface material; its role should not be confused with an oxidant's role in creating that material.

Kemp elimination is a model base-promoted reaction involving proton abstraction and ring opening of a benzisoxazole substrate. Designed catalysts for it test whether a proposed protein environment supports the intended chemical step.

A chemical species or reactive group that donates an electron pair to form a new covalent bond. In serine-dependent hydrolysis, an activated oxygen can attack a carbonyl carbon.

An organic reaction transforms organic compounds by changing their bonds, charge, or stereochemistry. Useful families include substitution reactions, addition reactions, elimination reactions, and rearrangements.

A reaction mechanism follows electron movement and intermediates rather than only comparing starting and final formulas. For instance, replacing a leaving group by a nucleophile can occur by a concerted pathway or through a carbocation intermediate; the two pathways predict different rate laws and stereochemical outcomes. Reaction classes organize transformations, while mechanisms explain how particular conditions produce them.

An electrophile accepts an electron pair in forming a bond. Reaction selectivity depends on both the electrophile and its interacting nucleophile.

The susceptibility of a species or atomic site to accepting an electron pair from a nucleophile. It depends on structure, charge and reaction conditions.

A dissociative substitution loses a ligand before binding the incoming replacement. A saturated 18-electron carbonyl can first form a 16-electron intermediate; the dissociation barrier and intermediate rearrangement influence rates and product geometry.