Unsigned slides hosted by Boston University. No named author, instructor or publication date is established; the filename does not establish those roles or dates.

Lecture slides: www.bu.edu/aldolase/biochemistry2/12_TCA%20Cycle_4_2024.pdf

Cited passage: slide numbered 4, Origin of C-Atoms in CO2. Indexed slide text was inspected after direct PDF access failed.

Nobel Lecture by Hans Adolf Krebs, delivered 11 December 1953.

Official PDF: www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/krebs-lecture.pdf

Inspected transcription: studyres.com/doc/1333386/hans-a.-krebs---nobel-lecture

Cited passages: printed pp. 399–404, especially Table 1.

By Jacques Berthet and Christian de Duve, credited as J. Berthet and C. de Duve. Published in Biochemical Journal 50(2), 174–181, December 1951; received 28 March 1951. The received date is distinct from publication. Portland Press hosts the publisher PDF.

Publisher PDF: portlandpress.com/biochemj/article-pdf/50/2/174/800018/bj0500174.pdf

DOI: doi.org/10.1042/bj0500174

Inspected passage: indexed first-page text, printed p. 174, introduction and Methods, Fractionation of tissue constituents. The full original PDF and subsequent pages were not inspected; this locator does not support claims about unseen tables, numerical activity magnitudes, exact spin settings or specific disruption reagents.

Nobel lecture by Christian de Duve, delivered 12 December 1974. This is the lecture date, not an established online publication date. NobelPrize.org hosts the official document; the inspected text was a transcription on Doczz because the official PDF could not be fetched.

Official lecture PDF: www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/duve-lecture.pdf

Inspected transcription: doczz.net/doc/8221300/christian-de-duve---nobel-lecture

Cited passages: printed pp. 152–159, Figures 1–7, fractionation and enzyme latency; pp. 161–164, microscopy. This is a primary investigator’s retrospective account; it does not replace direct inspection of the original assay paper.

Edited collection, subtitled Mitochondrial Protein Kinases, Protein Phosphatases and Mitochondrial Diseases, published by Elsevier in 2009. Individual contribution authors are distinct from volume editors; no whole-volume personal authorship is assigned.

Official Practical Biology teaching protocol. No individual author byline is established; the site’s institutional issuance and hosting are distinct from personal authorship. September 2008 identifies its safety check, not a publication date. The worker inspected indexed official text; direct page access was unavailable.

Official protocol: practicalbiology.org/energy/photosynthesis/investigating-the-light-dependent-reaction-in-photosynthesis.html

Inspected locators: Apparatus and Chemicals; Technical notes 1–4; Procedure a–k and five-tube table; Teaching notes; Sample results and Question 1.

By Robin Hill, credited as R. Hill. Nature 139, 881–882; published 22 May 1937. Nature hosts the publisher record and public first-paragraph preview. The paywalled full text was not inspected.

Publisher record: www.nature.com/articles/139881a0

DOI: doi.org/10.1038/139881a0

Inspected locators: public opening paragraph; author, affiliation and publication metadata.

By Günter Blobel. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 77(3), 1496–1500 (1980). PubMed Central hosts the record. Only the abstract was inspected.

Inspected record: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC348522/

DOI: doi.org/10.1073/pnas.77.3.1496

Cited passage: abstract.

By Sichen Shao, Ramanujan S. Hegde. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 27, 25–56 (2011). PubMed Central hosts the author manuscript, available there from 15 September 2014; that availability date is distinct from the 2011 journal issue.

Inspected text: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4163802/

DOI: doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154125

Cited passages: Cotranslational Targeting, Figure 3; The Sec61 Translocon, Figure 4; Cotranslational Membrane Protein Topogenesis, Figure 5; Posttranslational Membrane Protein Topogenesis, Figure 6.

By David D. Sabatini, Günter Blobel. Journal of Cell Biology 45(1), 146–157 (1970); published 1 April 1970. Semantic Scholar hosts this journal scan. The byline gives D. D. Sabatini and G. Blobel; the full names are independently verified.

Inspected text: pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1c83/ae62dcb210423f9e8190797ec25f0af67b1f.pdf

DOI: doi.org/10.1083/jcb.45.1.146

Cited passages: Full original PDF pp. 146–157; Methods p. 147: rat-liver preparation, sucrose centrifugation and Philips EM 300 electron microscope; Activity control p. 148: free polysomes with/without microsomes; Figure 5C–D and text p. 152: chromatography and digestion with membrane-solubilizing detergents; Discussion pp. 155–156: membrane-protected versus ribosome-protected fragments.

By Günter Blobel, Bernhard Dobberstein. Journal of Cell Biology 67(3), 852–862 (1975). SciSpace hosts this journal scan.

Inspected text: scispace.com/pdf/transfer-of-proteins-across-membranes-ii-reconstitution-of-5pau33unje.pdf

DOI: doi.org/10.1083/jcb.67.3.852

Cited passages: Methods p. 853: dog-pancreas microsomes, centrifugation, stripped preparations; Figure 6 and text pp. 856–859: light chain, globin, plus/minus protease; Figure 7 and text pp. 860–861: reconstitution and heat-inactivation caveat; Figure 8 and text pp. 861–862: membranes after synthesis, failed detergent-solubilized processing.

By Günter Blobel, Bernhard Dobberstein. Journal of Cell Biology 67(3), 835–851 (1975). The University of California, Berkeley hosts this journal scan.

Inspected text: mcb.berkeley.edu/labs/krantz/pdf/blobel%26dobberstein-transfer_of_proteins_across_membranes_I-JCB-1975.pdf

DOI: doi.org/10.1083/jcb.67.3.835

Cited passages: Introduction p. 836; Methods pp. 837–838: cell-free translation, proteolysis, slab SDS-PAGE and dried-gel autoradiography; Figures 5,7,14; Discussion p. 847: size-resolved protection versus sedimentation.

Recommendation of the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry. The heading gives 1981 as the recommendation year; no first-publication date or online revision date is established. The IUBMB nomenclature site at Queen Mary University of London hosts the text; no individual author byline is credited.

Online text: iubmb.qmul.ac.uk/kinetics/ek4t6.html

Introduction: iubmb.qmul.ac.uk/kinetics/ek1t3.html

Cited passages: §1, commissioning and operational terminology; §§6.1–6.2, reversibility and concentration factors; §6.4, classifications and operational constants versus dissociation constants.

Nobel Lecture by Alan Hodgkin, delivered 11 December 1963. The lecture delivery date is distinct from a publication date. The University of Wyoming hosts a copy of the primary lecture text.

Lecture text: www.uwyo.edu/neuron/hodgkin-lecture.pdf

Official copy: www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/hodgkin-lecture.pdf

Cited passages: pp. 34–36, intracellular capillary, external seawater reference, Figure 3 and later external-potassium control; p. 42, voltage clamp.

By Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley, printed as A. L. Hodgkin and A. F. Huxley. Published in Nature 144, 710–711, 21 October 1939.

Publisher record: www.nature.com/articles/144710a0

Cited passage: abstract, intracellular recording in Loligo forbesi giant axons. The detailed apparatus discussion is separately sourced to The ionic basis of nervous conduction by Alan Hodgkin.

By Terence A. Brown, printed as T. A. Brown. Second edition, 2002. NCBI Bookshelf hosts the online edition. No separate chapter-author byline is established.

Online chapter and book metadata: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21117/

By Frederick Sanger, S. Nicklen and Alan Coulson, printed as F. Sanger, S. Nicklen and A. R. Coulson. Their listed affiliation is the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology. Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 74(12), 5463–5467, December 1977. The National Academy of Sciences is the publisher; PubMed Central hosts the archival record.

DOI: doi.org/10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463

Inspected full-text mirror of the same article: nemates.org/uky/425/Sanger.PNAS.1977.v74.p5463-5467.pdf

Online text: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC431765/

Cited passages: PMC bibliographic record and abstract; Full paper PDF text at nemates.org/uky/425/Sanger.PNAS.1977.v74.p5463-5467.pdf; p. 5464, Sequencing Procedure: restriction-fragment primers, heating/annealing, Klenow polymerase, radioactive dATP and chase-omission observation; p. 5464, Figure 1 caption: G/A/T/C lanes, araCTP C reaction, 12% acrylamide, 40 mA, 14 h; p. 5465, Figure 2 caption: ddCTP/all-dideoxy comparison; p. 5466, Results: weak fast T bands, unresolved long runs, comparison with provisional sequence and structure-dependent migration.

Technical education material issued and hosted by Thermo Fisher Scientific. No personal author or publication or revision date is established.

Official article: www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/cloning/cloning-learning-center/invitrogen-school-of-molecular-biology/na-electrophoresis-education/na-electrophoresis-considerations.html

Cited passages: Effects of conformation: Supercoiled vs circular vs linear DNA in gel electrophoresis; Figure 1 caption: same DNA in nicked circular, linear and supercoiled forms.

Technical education material issued and hosted by Thermo Fisher Scientific. No personal author or publication or revision date is established.

Official article: www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/cloning/cloning-learning-center/invitrogen-school-of-molecular-biology/na-electrophoresis-education/na-electrophoresis-workflow.html

Cited passages: Step 1, Selection and gel preparation; Recommended percentage of agarose gels for separation of DNA fragments; Figure 3 caption: same DNA ladder in 1%, 2%, 3% gels, same conditions including run time; Step 2, Nucleic acid ladder selection guidelines; Step 4, Sample visualization, Fluorescent dyes.

Laboratory protocol issued and hosted by Addgene. No personal author is credited. Last Update: 20 February 2018; this is an online update date, not an original publication date.

Official protocol: www.addgene.org/protocols/gel-electrophoresis/

Cited passages: Introduction; Equipment and Reagents; Pouring a Standard 1% Agarose Gel, steps 1–7; Loading Samples and Running an Agarose Gel, steps 1–9; Analyzing Your Gel.