Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2025 iii Paper 118 2 Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-24
The restriction of to the -invariant bundle is an almost complex structure. Its Nijenhuis tensor is the restriction of the ambient Nijenhuis tensor because vector fields tangent to an embedded submanifold have tangent Lie bracket. The ambient tensor vanishes since is a complex manifold, so the Newlander-Nirenberg theorem makes the induced structure on integrable. The inclusion has complex-linear differential and is therefore holomorphic; hence is a complex submanifold.
For a complex submanifold, the holomorphic normal bundle isIf is a smooth hypersurface, taking top exterior powers in the holomorphic conormal sequencegivesThe normal bundle of a hypersurface is , so the Adjunction formula is
On , a bihomogeneous polynomial of bidegree is a section of the holomorphic line bundle . Its zero locus is smooth precisely when the section is transverse to the zero section, equivalently when and all of its homogeneous first partial derivatives have no common projective zero. Sincethe Adjunction formula yieldsThus a smooth with and defines a complex submanifold with trivial canonical bundle.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2026 iii Paper 118 3 d Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-24
Choose a local holomorphic frame of the holomorphic line bundle and defineIf is another holomorphic frame, then is nowhere-zero and holomorphic, so and the two definitions agree. They therefore glue to a well-defined partial connection. In each holomorphic frame its square is ordinary , hence .