Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2025 iii Paper 128 1 c Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-24
Take . This is a limit ordinal greater than . There is a recursive well-order code for : for example, use a recursive pairing of the natural numbers with and the lexicographic order consisting of successive blocks of order type . Since is definable over , it belongs to and hence to .
The representation of is , butand the ordinals belonging to are exactly those below . Thus while its representation is not in , violating the second requirement for a coding level of the constructible hierarchy.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2025 iii Paper 128 2 c Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-24
LetFor each natural number , conditions whose stem has length at least form a dense subset of a forcing order, so the generic filter meets all of them and .
Fix . The setis dense: from replace by . Choose . Every stronger condition must put each newly added stem value above , sofor every . Thus is a dominating real over .