In order to create a test user with password instead of peer authentication, let's create test user:
createuser -P user0
createdb user0-P makes it prompt for the users password.Alternatively, to create the password non-interactively stackoverflow.com/questions/42419559/postgres-createuser-with-password-from-terminal:Can't find a way using the
psql -c "create role NewRole with login password 'secret'"createuser helper.We can then login with that password with:which asks for the password we've just set, because the
psql -U user0 -h localhost-h option turns off peer authentication, and turns off password authentication.The password can be given non-interactively as shown at stackoverflow.com/questions/6405127/how-do-i-specify-a-password-to-psql-non-interactively with the
PGPASSWORD environment variable:PGPASSWORD=a psql -U user0 -h localhostNow let's create a test database which
user0 can access with an existing superuser account:createdb user0db0
psql -c 'GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE user0db0 TO user0'We can check this permission with:which now contains:The permission letters are explained at:
psql -c '\l' List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
user0db0 | ciro | UTF8 | en_GB.UTF-8 | en_GB.UTF-8 | =Tc/ciro +
| | | | | ciro=CTc/ciro +
| | | | | user0=CTc/cirouser0 can now do the usual table operations on that table:PGPASSWORD=a psql -U user0 -h localhost user0db0 -c 'CREATE TABLE table0 (int0 INT, char0 CHAR(16));'
PGPASSWORD=a psql -U user0 -h localhost user0db0 -c "INSERT INTO table0 (int0, char0) VALUES (2, 'two'), (3, 'three'), (5, 'five'), (7, 'seven');"
PGPASSWORD=a psql -U user0 -h localhost user0db0 -c 'SELECT * FROM table0;'
Accelerator neutrinos are neutrinos that are produced as a result of high-energy particle collisions in particle accelerators. In these facilities, protons or other particles are accelerated to near-light speeds and then smashed into a target, which produces a range of particles, including pions (π mesons). These pions subsequently decay into neutrinos. Neutrinos are extremely light and neutral particles that interact very weakly with matter, making them challenging to detect.
Electron optics is a field of study that focuses on the manipulation and control of electron beams using electromagnetic fields. It draws parallels with optical systems that handle visible light, but instead of light rays, it deals with trajectories of electrons, which are charged particles. This field is integral to the design and operation of various devices, such as electron microscopes, cathode ray tubes, and particle accelerators.
An ion beam is a stream of charged particles, typically ions, that are accelerated and directed toward a target. These ions can be positively or negatively charged and originate from a variety of sources, such as ion sources or accelerators. Ion beams are used in a range of applications across different scientific and industrial fields due to their unique properties.
Evolutionary computation is a subset of artificial intelligence and computational intelligence that involves algorithms inspired by the principles of natural evolution. These algorithms are used to solve optimization problems and to find solutions to complex tasks by mimicking processes observed in biological evolution, such as selection, mutation, crossover, and inheritance. Key concepts in evolutionary computation include: 1. **Population**: A collection of candidate solutions to the problem being addressed.
Microarrays, also known as DNA chips or biochips, are technology platforms used to analyze the expression of many genes simultaneously or to genotype multiple regions of a genome. They consist of a small solid surface, typically a glass or silicon chip, onto which thousands of microscopic spots containing specific DNA sequences (probes) are fixed in an orderly grid pattern.
Structural bioinformatics is a specialized branch of bioinformatics that focuses on the analysis and prediction of the three-dimensional structures of biological macromolecules, primarily proteins and nucleic acids (like DNA and RNA). It combines concepts from biology, chemistry, computer science, and information technology to understand the structure-function relationships of biological molecules.
"Contact order" can refer to different concepts depending on the context, but it is often associated with legal or social settings, particularly in the context of family law or child custody arrangements. Here are the primary meanings: 1. **Family Law Context**: In custody disputes, a contact order is a legal decision made by a court that outlines the terms under which a non-custodial parent can have contact with their child.
DIMPL stands for "Dynamic Inter-Molecular Potential Library." It is a computational physics framework used for simulating molecular interactions and dynamics through various potential energy functions. DIMPL allows researchers and scientists to model complex molecular systems and study their properties by providing a flexible platform for implementing different types of potentials, including those used in molecular simulation and computational chemistry.
Docking, in the context of molecular biology and chemistry, refers to a computational technique used to predict and analyze the interactions between two molecules, typically a small molecule (ligand) and a larger molecule, often a protein or nucleic acid (receptor). The primary objective of docking is to identify the preferred orientation and affinity of the ligand when it binds to the receptor, which can be crucial for drug discovery and development.
Genome-based peptide fingerprint scanning is a method used in proteomics to identify and characterize proteins based on the peptides they produce. The approach typically involves several key steps: 1. **Genomic Sequencing**: The genome of an organism is sequenced to identify the DNA sequences that code for proteins (genes). 2. **Protein Prediction**: Using bioinformatics tools, the genomic data is analyzed to predict the protein coding sequences and the corresponding peptides.
Genome@home was a distributed computing project aimed at analyzing the human genome and related biological processes. It allowed volunteers to contribute their personal computer processing power to help researchers perform complex computations necessary for genomic analysis, including tasks such as protein folding, simulation of molecular interactions, and other bioinformatics research. The project was similar in concept to other distributed computing initiatives, like SETI@home, wherein users would download a client application to their computers that would run analyses in the background while utilizing idle CPU power.
A heat map is a data visualization technique that uses color to represent the magnitude of values in a dataset. The colors typically range from cooler shades (like blue or green) for lower values to warmer shades (like yellow or red) for higher values. Heat maps are particularly useful for identifying patterns, correlations, and anomalies within data.
Homology modeling, also known as comparative modeling, is a computational technique used in structural biology to predict the three-dimensional structure of a protein based on its sequence similarity to one or more proteins whose structures are known (the template proteins). The underlying assumption of homology modeling is that similar sequences often indicate similar structures, due to the constraints imposed by evolutionary relationships.
The Human Microbiome Project (HMP) is a major research initiative launched by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the United States in 2007. Its primary aim is to characterize the microbial communities that inhabit the human body, collectively termed the human microbiome, and to understand their roles in human health and disease.
In silico PCR refers to a computational method used to simulate the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process using software tools. Instead of performing the physical PCR in a laboratory, in silico PCR allows researchers to predict the outcome of a PCR experiment by modeling the amplification of specific DNA sequences based on known parameters such as DNA templates, primers, and reaction conditions.
The metabolome refers to the complete set of metabolites—small molecules involved in metabolic processes—within a biological sample or system at a specific point in time. Metabolites are the end products of cellular processes and include a wide range of chemical compounds such as amino acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and nucleotides.
SciCrunch is a platform designed to facilitate research and collaboration in the scientific community. It provides tools and resources for researchers to share data, enhance reproducibility, and improve the organization of scientific information. SciCrunch includes features such as: 1. **Resource Discovery**: The platform helps researchers find biological and scientific resources, including reagents, tools, and databases.
Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project
Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
Intro to OurBigBook
. Source. We have two killer features:
- topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculusArticles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
- a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
- a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
Figure 1. Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page. View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivativeVideo 2. OurBigBook Web topics demo. Source. - local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
- to OurBigBook.com to get awesome multi-user features like topics and likes
- as HTML files to a static website, which you can host yourself for free on many external providers like GitHub Pages, and remain in full control
Figure 3. Visual Studio Code extension installation.
Figure 4. Visual Studio Code extension tree navigation.
Figure 5. Web editor. You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally.Video 3. Edit locally and publish demo. Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension.Video 4. OurBigBook Visual Studio Code extension editing and navigation demo. Source. 
- Infinitely deep tables of contents:
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact