Medieval Syrian mathematicians played a significant role in the development of mathematics during the medieval period, particularly from the 9th to the 15th centuries. This was a time when the Islamic Golden Age was flourishing, and regions like Syria were important centers of learning and scholarship.

Enterprise Extender (EE) is a networking technology developed by IBM that allows for the extension of mainframe networks over IP (Internet Protocol) networks. It is primarily used to connect IBM System z environments (mainframes) to other networks, enabling communication and data exchange across different locations and systems.

The IBM 3705 Communications Controller is a hardware device that was introduced by IBM in the late 1970s. It was designed to facilitate communication between IBM's mainframe computers and a variety of remote terminals and other systems. The 3705 provided a means to manage and route data, enabling efficient communication over various types of networks, including point-to-point and multipoint connections.

The Metalog distribution is a flexible family of probability distributions that can be used to model various types of data. It was introduced by T. H. D. U. Chen et al. in a 2012 paper as a way to provide a more versatile alternative to traditional distributions like the normal, lognormal, or gamma distributions.

The IBM 3745 is a networking device that was introduced in the late 1970s. It primarily served as a communications controller designed for large mainframe computer systems, such as IBM's System/370 and later models. The 3745 facilitated the connection of multiple remote locations or terminals to a centralized mainframe, enabling users to access mainframe resources and applications from different physical locations.

A fuzzy set is a concept in set theory, particularly in the field of fuzzy logic and fuzzy mathematics, that extends classical set theory. In classical set theory, an element either belongs to a set or does not belong to it; membership is a binary condition (1 for membership, 0 for non-membership). However, in fuzzy set theory, membership is not just a matter of being in or out of a set but can take on a range of values between 0 and 1.

The Virtual Telecommunications Access Method (VTAM) is an IBM software component that provides a way for applications to communicate over networks. It is commonly used in mainframe environments, particularly within IBM's z/OS operating system. VTAM is designed to manage the communication between applications and network resources, facilitating the routing and processing of messages across different systems.

Coherence in the context of measurement typically refers to a concept in physics, particularly in optics and signal processing. It describes the correlation between different signals or waves, often in terms of the phase relationship between them. There are two main types of coherence: 1. **Temporal Coherence**: This measures the correlation of a wave's phase over time. It is significant in determining the length of time that a wave can maintain a predictable phase relationship.

Tarski–Grothendieck set theory, also known as Tarski–Grothendieck logic, is a foundational system for mathematics that extends classical set theory to better accommodate certain advanced concepts in category theory and algebraic geometry.

Biblical and Talmudic units of measurement are ancient systems used by the Hebrews in the Bible and later by Jewish scholars in the Talmudic period. These measurements were applied to various aspects of daily life, including land area, volume, weight, and distance. Here are some key units from these systems: ### Length: 1. **Cubits (Ammah)**: The standard cubit is approximately 18 inches (about 45.72 centimeters), although there were variations.

Frege's propositional calculus, developed by Gottlob Frege in the late 19th century, is one of the earliest formal systems in logic. It represents a significant milestone in the development of mathematical logic and formal reasoning. ### Key Features of Frege's Propositional Calculus: 1. **Propositions and Truth Values**: Frege's calculus deals with declarative sentences (propositions) that can be classified as either true or false.

"Logics for computability" generally refers to various formal systems and logical frameworks used to study computability, decidability, and related concepts in theoretical computer science and mathematical logic. This field intersects with areas such as recursion theory, model theory, and proof theory, focusing on the relationship between logic and computational processes.

Positive set theory is a mathematical framework that focuses on a constructive approach to sets, where the existence of sets is based on explicit constructions rather than classical existential proofs that rely on the law of excluded middle or other non-constructive principles. In this theory, emphasis is placed on the members of sets being constructively knowable or possessible.

Romania, like most countries, uses the International System of Units (SI), which is based on the metric system. Here are some common units of measurement used in Romania: 1. **Length**: - Meter (m) - Centimeter (cm) - Millimeter (mm) - Kilometer (km) 2. **Mass**: - Kilogram (kg) - Gram (g) - Milligram (mg) 3.

Pocket set theory is not a widely recognized term in mainstream mathematics or set theory. It might refer to a specific concept, system, or framework developed in a particular context or publication that is not widely known or established. Set theory itself is a branch of mathematical logic that studies sets, which are collections of objects. Concepts within set theory include operations on sets (like union, intersection, and difference), cardinality, and the study of infinite sets.

France uses the metric system as its official system of measurement, which is the most widely used system globally. Here are some of the key units of measurement in the French metric system: 1. **Length**: - Meter (m) - the basic unit of length. - Centimeter (cm) - 1/100th of a meter. - Millimeter (mm) - 1/1000th of a meter.

The National Physical Laboratory (NPL) of India is a premier research and development institution in the field of measurement science and standards. Established in 1947 and located in New Delhi, it operates under the aegis of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). The primary functions of the NPL include: 1. **Measurement Standards**: NPL is responsible for establishing and maintaining national measurement standards, which serve as the basis for accurate and consistent measurements in various fields.

The term "FFF system" can refer to various concepts depending on the context, but one common usage is in relation to the **"FFF"** principle in logistics and supply chain management. The FFF acronym typically stands for: 1. **Fast**: Referring to the speed of delivery or processing. In a supply chain context, this means being able to quickly respond to customer demands and deliver products efficiently.

The geometrized unit system is a method of expressing physical quantities in such a way that some of the fundamental constants, particularly the speed of light \( c \) and the gravitational constant \( G \), are set to 1. This simplifies equations in theoretical physics, especially in general relativity and other fields where these constants frequently appear.

The history of measurement systems in India is a rich tapestry that reflects the country's cultural, scientific, and commercial evolution over millennia. Here's an overview: ### Ancient Period 1. **Indus Valley Civilization (c. 3300–1300 BCE)**: - The people of the Indus Valley had a sophisticated system of measurements. Archaeological findings suggest the use of standardized weights and measures for trade.