Polystyrene sulfonate is a synthetic polymer that is derived from polystyrene, which has been modified by the addition of sulfonate groups. This sulfonation process introduces sulfonic acid groups (-SO3H) onto the polymer chain, which gives polystyrene sulfonate its characteristic properties.

Polyurea is a type of synthetic polymer that is formed by the reaction of polyisocyanates with polyols. It is known for its rapid curing properties and is often utilized as a coating or lining material. Polyurea is highly versatile, providing excellent durability, flexibility, and resistance to chemicals, abrasion, and extreme temperatures.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a synthetic plastic polymer made from the polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM). It is one of the most widely produced synthetic plastic polymers in the world. PVC can be rigid or flexible, depending on the presence of plasticizers and other additives. ### Properties of PVC: - **Durability**: PVC is resistant to environmental degradation, chemicals, and corrosion, making it suitable for a variety of applications.

Retrobright is a chemical process used to restore the original color of yellowed or discolored plastics, particularly those found in vintage electronics and computers. Over time, certain types of plastic, especially those made from ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), can turn yellow or develop a brownish tint due to exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, heat, and other environmental factors.

Saran is a brand name that is often associated with a type of plastic wrap or food film used for covering and preserving food. It is made from a polymer called polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), which has properties that make it effective for stretching and sealing around various food items. Saran wrap is known for its ability to cling tightly to surfaces, which helps to create an airtight seal that keeps food fresh by preventing moisture and air from getting in.

Sandarac is a natural resin derived from the wood of the Callitris tree, specifically species within the genus Callitris, which is commonly known as cypress. Sandarac has a long history of use, particularly in the context of art and craft. It is prized for its properties as a natural adhesive and as a component in varnishes, particularly for painting and finishing wooden surfaces.

The timeline of plastic development outlines the key milestones in the creation and evolution of plastics from the 19th century to the present. Here’s a summary of major events and innovations in the history of plastics: ### 19th Century - **1830s**: The first synthetic resin is created by Scottish chemist Alexander Parkes, who unravels a material he calls "Parkesine," derived from cellulose.

Ammoniacum, also known as ammoniac, is a natural gum resin that is harvested from the sap of specific species of plants, particularly those in the genus *Ferula*, which belong to the umbellifer family. The most commonly used species for this purpose is *Ferula assa-foetida*, also known as asafetida or devil's dung. Ammoniacum is typically found in regions like Persia and Afghanistan.

Boswellia serrata, commonly known as Indian frankincense, is a flowering plant species belonging to the family Burseraceae. It is native to India, the Middle East, and North Africa. The tree produces a resin that has been used for centuries in traditional medicine, particularly in Ayurvedic practices, for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and healing properties.

Japanning is a term used to describe a type of finishing process that originated in the 17th century, where objects are coated with a dark, glossy lacquer that resembles the traditional Japanese lacquering technique. The technique involves applying multiple layers of varnish or lacquer, often with intricate designs, to create a smooth, shiny surface.

Pistacia lentiscus, commonly known as mastic, is a dioecious evergreen shrub or small tree belonging to the cashew family, Anacardiaceae. It is native to the Mediterranean region, particularly found in places like Greece, Italy, and parts of North Africa. The plant is known for its aromatic resin, called mastic, which is harvested from the tree's bark. This resin has been used for centuries in culinary applications, traditional medicine, and cosmetics.

A magnetic core is a component made from a ferromagnetic material that is used to enhance the magnetic field in various electrical devices, such as transformers, inductors, magnetic coils, and magnetic speakers. The core provides a path for magnetic flux, thereby increasing the efficiency of the device by reducing magnetic losses and improving performance. ### Key Points About Magnetic Cores: 1. **Material**: Magnetic cores are typically made from materials like iron, ferrite, or other ferromagnetic alloys.

"Super 4" is a stop-motion animated television series that premiered in 2014. Created by the production company Moonscoop, it is targeted primarily at children. The series features characters from various Playmobil toy lines and integrates adventure and humor into its storytelling. The show follows four main characters: a knight named Tony, a princess named Ruby, a clever thief named Gene, and a robot named Max.

"Hard Luck Woman" is a song by the American rock band Kiss, written by band members Paul Stanley and Gene Simmons. It was included on their 1976 album "Rock and Roll Over." The song features a ballad style and tells the story of a woman who's experienced hardships and struggles in life, capturing themes of love, loss, and resilience. The track is notable for its softer tone compared to many of Kiss's other songs, showcasing a different side of the band's musical style.

A "sock puppet" can refer to two distinct concepts, depending on the context: 1. **In Social Media and Online Communities**: A sock puppet is a fake online identity created by a person to deceive others, often to sway opinions, manipulate discussions, or create the illusion of support for a particular viewpoint. This can involve posting comments, reviews, or engaging in arguments while pretending to be a different, independent person.

Muppet characters are a group of puppet creations associated primarily with the Muppets franchise, which was created by Jim Henson in the mid-20th century. Known for their distinctive appearances and humorous personalities, Muppets are often made from various materials, including fabric, felt, and foam, and are operated using puppeteering techniques.

Kasperle is a traditional puppet character in German-speaking countries, particularly known in Austria and southern Germany. He is typically portrayed as a clown-like figure, reminiscent of other European puppet characters like Punch from the British Punch and Judy shows. Kasperle often features in children's puppet theater and is known for his mischievous nature, engaging in humorous antics and adventurous storylines. The character usually has a distinctive appearance with a large, exaggerated nose, bright clothing, and a playful demeanor.

Louro José is a popular character from Brazilian television, specifically from the morning program "Mais Você," which is hosted by Ana Maria Braga. Louro José is a puppet of a green parrot, and he interacts with the host and guests in a humorous and often mischievous manner. The character, voiced by the late puppeteer Tom Veiga, became a beloved figure in Brazilian pop culture and has been part of the show since its inception in 1999.

"Petrushka" is a ballet composed by Igor Stravinsky in 1911, which has become one of the most well-known works in the ballet repertoire. It tells the story of three puppets—a lovesick mortal named Petrushka, a beautiful ballerina, and a cruel Moor—who come to life in a Russian fairground during the 19th century. The ballet explores themes of love, jealousy, and tragedy, culminating in a poignant and emotional ending.

Randy Feltface is a character created by Australian comedian and puppeteer Randy, who is known for performing stand-up comedy using ventriloquism. The character is a purple puppet with a distinctively expressive face, and he tackles various themes in his comedy, including modern life, relationships, and social observations. Randy Feltface has gained popularity through live performances, television appearances, and online content, blending humor with thought-provoking commentary.