FFKM stands for "Perfluoroelastomer," which is a type of synthetic rubber that is highly resistant to a wide range of chemicals and has excellent thermal stability. FFKM is known for its superior performance in extreme conditions, including high temperatures, aggressive chemicals, and harsh environments. The structure of FFKM incorporates fluorine atoms, which contribute to its chemical resistance and make it suitable for applications in industries such as oil and gas, pharmaceuticals, semiconductor manufacturing, and aerospace.

Galalith, also known as milkstone or casein plastic, is a type of plastic created from casein, which is a protein found in milk. It was first developed in the early 20th century, around 1897, and is notable for being one of the first synthetic plastics produced. Galalith is made by mixing casein with formaldehyde and often other chemicals, which results in a thermosetting plastic that can be molded into various shapes.

Novolak refers to a type of phenolic resin that is typically produced by the polymerization of phenol with formaldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst. Novolaks are thermoplastic resins that are commonly used in various applications due to their excellent thermal stability, chemical resistance, and mechanical properties.

A plastic shopping bag is a type of bag made from thin, flexible plastic. They are commonly used by retailers to carry purchased items. These bags are typically lightweight, durable, and water-resistant, making them convenient for both stores and consumers. Plastic shopping bags are usually produced from polyethylene, which is derived from petroleum. They can be found in various sizes and designs, often featuring handles for easy carrying.

Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) is a type of thermoplastic engineering polymer that is part of the polyester family. It is produced through the condensation polymerization of 1,4-butanediol and terephthalic acid. PBT is known for its high strength, stiffness, and mechanical properties, which make it suitable for a variety of applications.

Polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate (PHEMA) is a water-soluble polymer derived from the polymerization of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). It is a type of polyacrylate and is known for its biocompatibility and hydrophilicity, making it useful in various biomedical and industrial applications. ### Key Characteristics: - **Water Solubility:** PHEMA can absorb water and swell, leading to the formation of a gel-like structure.

Polystyrene sulfonate is a synthetic polymer that is derived from polystyrene, which has been modified by the addition of sulfonate groups. This sulfonation process introduces sulfonic acid groups (-SO3H) onto the polymer chain, which gives polystyrene sulfonate its characteristic properties.

Polyurea is a type of synthetic polymer that is formed by the reaction of polyisocyanates with polyols. It is known for its rapid curing properties and is often utilized as a coating or lining material. Polyurea is highly versatile, providing excellent durability, flexibility, and resistance to chemicals, abrasion, and extreme temperatures.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a synthetic plastic polymer made from the polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM). It is one of the most widely produced synthetic plastic polymers in the world. PVC can be rigid or flexible, depending on the presence of plasticizers and other additives. ### Properties of PVC: - **Durability**: PVC is resistant to environmental degradation, chemicals, and corrosion, making it suitable for a variety of applications.

Retrobright is a chemical process used to restore the original color of yellowed or discolored plastics, particularly those found in vintage electronics and computers. Over time, certain types of plastic, especially those made from ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), can turn yellow or develop a brownish tint due to exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, heat, and other environmental factors.

Saran is a brand name that is often associated with a type of plastic wrap or food film used for covering and preserving food. It is made from a polymer called polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), which has properties that make it effective for stretching and sealing around various food items. Saran wrap is known for its ability to cling tightly to surfaces, which helps to create an airtight seal that keeps food fresh by preventing moisture and air from getting in.

Sandarac is a natural resin derived from the wood of the Callitris tree, specifically species within the genus Callitris, which is commonly known as cypress. Sandarac has a long history of use, particularly in the context of art and craft. It is prized for its properties as a natural adhesive and as a component in varnishes, particularly for painting and finishing wooden surfaces.

The timeline of plastic development outlines the key milestones in the creation and evolution of plastics from the 19th century to the present. Here’s a summary of major events and innovations in the history of plastics: ### 19th Century - **1830s**: The first synthetic resin is created by Scottish chemist Alexander Parkes, who unravels a material he calls "Parkesine," derived from cellulose.

Ammoniacum, also known as ammoniac, is a natural gum resin that is harvested from the sap of specific species of plants, particularly those in the genus *Ferula*, which belong to the umbellifer family. The most commonly used species for this purpose is *Ferula assa-foetida*, also known as asafetida or devil's dung. Ammoniacum is typically found in regions like Persia and Afghanistan.

Boswellia serrata, commonly known as Indian frankincense, is a flowering plant species belonging to the family Burseraceae. It is native to India, the Middle East, and North Africa. The tree produces a resin that has been used for centuries in traditional medicine, particularly in Ayurvedic practices, for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and healing properties.

Japanning is a term used to describe a type of finishing process that originated in the 17th century, where objects are coated with a dark, glossy lacquer that resembles the traditional Japanese lacquering technique. The technique involves applying multiple layers of varnish or lacquer, often with intricate designs, to create a smooth, shiny surface.

Pistacia lentiscus, commonly known as mastic, is a dioecious evergreen shrub or small tree belonging to the cashew family, Anacardiaceae. It is native to the Mediterranean region, particularly found in places like Greece, Italy, and parts of North Africa. The plant is known for its aromatic resin, called mastic, which is harvested from the tree's bark. This resin has been used for centuries in culinary applications, traditional medicine, and cosmetics.

A magnetic core is a component made from a ferromagnetic material that is used to enhance the magnetic field in various electrical devices, such as transformers, inductors, magnetic coils, and magnetic speakers. The core provides a path for magnetic flux, thereby increasing the efficiency of the device by reducing magnetic losses and improving performance. ### Key Points About Magnetic Cores: 1. **Material**: Magnetic cores are typically made from materials like iron, ferrite, or other ferromagnetic alloys.

"Super 4" is a stop-motion animated television series that premiered in 2014. Created by the production company Moonscoop, it is targeted primarily at children. The series features characters from various Playmobil toy lines and integrates adventure and humor into its storytelling. The show follows four main characters: a knight named Tony, a princess named Ruby, a clever thief named Gene, and a robot named Max.

"Hard Luck Woman" is a song by the American rock band Kiss, written by band members Paul Stanley and Gene Simmons. It was included on their 1976 album "Rock and Roll Over." The song features a ballad style and tells the story of a woman who's experienced hardships and struggles in life, capturing themes of love, loss, and resilience. The track is notable for its softer tone compared to many of Kiss's other songs, showcasing a different side of the band's musical style.