An organic nuclear reactor typically refers to a type of nuclear reactor that utilizes organic materials, particularly in the form of organic fluids or substances, as a coolant or moderator. The purpose of these reactors is to leverage the favorable properties of organic materials to improve safety, efficiency, and environmental sustainability. Key features of organic nuclear reactors include: 1. **Organic Coolants:** Instead of traditional water or liquid metal coolants, these reactors may use organic liquids such as hydrocarbons.

Culcheth Laboratories is a research and development facility that specializes in synthetic biology, biotechnology, and related fields. It is known for its work in areas such as genetic engineering, microbiology, and biochemistry. The labs often focus on applications in health, agriculture, and environmental science, and may collaborate with academic institutions, industry partners, and governmental organizations. The facility may be involved in various projects ranging from the development of new bioproducts to advancements in medical therapies.

The University of Missouri Research Reactor Center (MURR) is a research facility located in Columbia, Missouri, affiliated with the University of Missouri. Established in 1966, it is one of the most powerful university research reactors in the United States. MURR is primarily used for research and education in various fields, including nuclear engineering, medical applications, and materials science.

The National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) is a research institute based in Japan, primarily focused on the study of radiation and its effects on human health and the environment. Established in 1997, NIRS conducts research in various fields related to radiological sciences, including radiation therapy for cancer treatment, radiation safety, and the biological effects of exposure to ionizing radiation.

Santa Susana Field Laboratory (SSFL) is a former industrial research and development facility located in the hills near Simi Valley, California. Established in the 1940s, SSFL was primarily used for the testing and development of rocket engines and nuclear research by various organizations, including NASA and the Boeing Company. Over the decades, it became a site for various key aerospace and defense projects.

The Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP) is a prominent research institution located in Moscow, Russia. It focuses on theoretical and experimental physics, as its name suggests. Established in 1956, the institute has made significant contributions to various fields of physics, including particle physics, nuclear physics, condensed matter physics, and astrophysics.

The Moscow Power Engineering Institute (MPEI), also known as Moscow State Power Engineering Institute (MSEI), is one of the leading technical universities in Russia, specializing in power engineering and related fields. Established in 1930, MPEI has a long history of educating specialists in electrical engineering, power engineering, and energy technology.

The Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE) is a prominent research institution located in Culham, Oxfordshire, England. It is part of the UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) and is primarily focused on the development of nuclear fusion as a viable and sustainable energy source. The CCFE is known for its research on plasma physics and fusion technology, with the aim of replicating the nuclear fusion processes that occur in the sun and other stars.

Marianne Walck is a notable figure known for her contributions to the field of engineering and her leadership within the aerospace industry. She has held significant positions, including serving as the Vice President of Space Operations at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). In that role, she has been involved in overseeing various space missions and projects. Additionally, Walck has a background in mechanical engineering and has played a role in promoting diversity and inclusion in STEM fields.

HMS Sultan is a Royal Naval shore establishment located in Gosport, England. It primarily serves as the training center for the Royal Navy's engineering and logistical personnel. Opened in the 1950s, HMS Sultan is named after the historical Sultan of Oman, reflecting the naval tradition of naming establishments after notable figures and locations. HMS Sultan provides various training programs, including engineering training courses that cover areas such as mechanical, electrical, and marine engineering.

The National Nuclear Laboratory (NNL) is a UK government-owned entity focused on nuclear research and development. Established in 2008, it plays a crucial role in advancing nuclear technologies and supporting the UK’s nuclear energy sector, including areas such as nuclear safety, waste management, decommissioning, and advanced reactors. NNL collaborates with various stakeholders, including government bodies, academia, and industry, to inform policy-making and develop innovative solutions for nuclear challenges.

The 1999 Blayais Nuclear Power Plant flood refers to a significant flooding event that impacted the Blayais Nuclear Power Plant, located near the Gironde estuary in France. This incident occurred in December 1999, when the plant was affected by severe weather conditions that led to a rapid rise in water levels due to heavy rainfall and storm surges. The floodwaters breached several protective barriers surrounding the plant, causing the electrical switchgear used to manage critical safety systems to be submerged.

The Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA) was an agency in Japan responsible for regulating nuclear energy and industrial safety. Established in 2001, NISA was a part of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) and was tasked with ensuring the safety of nuclear facilities, radiological safety, and overseeing the activities related to the handling of nuclear materials.

Nuclear energy companies are organizations that engage in the development, construction, operation, and maintenance of nuclear power plants, as well as the research and development of nuclear technology. These companies may work in various aspects of the nuclear energy sector, including: 1. **Nuclear Power Generation**: Companies that operate nuclear reactors to generate electricity. These plants use nuclear fission to produce heat, which then generates steam to drive turbines.

Nuclebrás Equipamentos Pesados S.A. (Nuclebrás) is a Brazilian company that specializes in the manufacturing of equipment and components for nuclear and thermal power plants. Founded in 1975, the company is primarily focused on serving the needs of the nuclear industry in Brazil and has been involved in various projects related to nuclear energy, including the development and supply of reactor components and other heavy equipment.

Terrestrial Energy is a Canadian clean energy company that focuses on the development of advanced nuclear reactor technologies, particularly its Integral Molten Salt Reactor (IMSR). The IMSR is designed to provide a safe, efficient, and low-carbon energy source that can be used for electricity generation and various industrial applications. The technology aims to leverage the benefits of molten salt as a coolant and fuel medium, which can operate at higher temperatures than traditional reactors while enhancing safety and efficiency.

The South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa) is a state-owned enterprise in South Africa responsible for the promotion and development of nuclear energy and technology in the country. It was established in 1999 to operate as a public utility that manages nuclear facilities, provides nuclear services, and conducts research and development related to nuclear science and technology.

Sellafield Ltd is a UK company responsible for the management and operation of the Sellafield nuclear site in Cumbria, England. The site is known for its extensive nuclear facilities, including those involved in the reprocessing of nuclear fuel and the management of radioactive waste. Sellafield Ltd operates under the governance of the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA), which oversees the cleanup and decommissioning of former nuclear sites across the UK.

Nukem Technologies is a company that specializes in nuclear decommissioning, waste management, and related services. It focuses on providing solutions for the safe and efficient dismantling of nuclear facilities, management of radioactive materials, and environmental remediation. The company often works with governmental agencies, private sector entities, and other organizations involved in nuclear energy and waste management. Nukem Technologies is known for its expertise in handling complex projects that require specialized knowledge of nuclear regulations, safety protocols, and innovative technologies.

The Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) was a prominent research organization in Japan dedicated to the study and development of nuclear energy and technology. Established in 1956, JAERI focused on various aspects of nuclear science, including nuclear power, radiation safety, and the peaceful use of nuclear energy. In 2005, JAERI merged with the Nuclear Research and Development Agency, which led to the formation of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA).