KStars is a free, open-source astronomy software application that provides a virtual desktop planetarium. It was developed primarily for Linux, though it is also available for other operating systems such as Windows and macOS. KStars allows users to simulate the night sky from any location on Earth at any date and time.

Systems biology modeling software encompasses a variety of tools designed to simulate and analyze biological systems at various scales, from molecular and cellular levels to whole organisms. Here is a list of notable systems biology modeling software: 1. **CellDesigner** - A graphical modeling tool for biochemical networks, supporting systems biology markup language (SBML). 2. **COPASI** - A software application for modeling and simulating biochemical networks, offering a user-friendly interface to define models using ordinary differential equations.

MeVisLab is a software platform designed for medical image processing and visualization. It provides a comprehensive environment for the development, integration, and deployment of imaging algorithms and applications, primarily focusing on various aspects of medical imaging such as CT, MRI, and ultrasound data. Key features of MeVisLab include: 1. **Modular Architecture**: MeVisLab uses a node-based architecture, allowing users to create complex image processing workflows by connecting various functional modules (nodes) without the need for extensive programming.

A **scientific workflow system** is a software framework designed to facilitate the design, execution, monitoring, and management of scientific workflows, which are structured sequences of computational and data-processing tasks. These workflows often integrate heterogeneous resources, such as databases, computational grids, and cloud services, to handle large datasets and complex computations typically found in scientific research.

Siconos is an open-source software framework designed for simulating and analyzing dynamic systems, particularly in the context of mechanical and multi-body systems. It is primarily used in engineering and research applications, providing tools to model complex interactions, including contact dynamics, friction, and other nonlinear phenomena. The framework allows users to define models in a modular way, enabling simulation of various physical interactions and conditions. Siconos supports different numerical methods for solving ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and complementarity problems.

Eugene Isaacson is a prominent figure in the fields of applied mathematics and mathematical physics, particularly known for his contributions to the study of differential equations and wave propagation. He has authored or co-authored numerous research papers and has been involved in various academic and professional activities related to these areas.

"Richard Dawkins: How a Scientist Changed the Way We Think" is a book by the author and psychologist Jack Simmons. This book explores the life and work of Richard Dawkins, a prominent evolutionary biologist and science communicator known for his advocacy of atheism and criticism of religion, particularly in his bestselling book "The God Delusion.

"The Two Cultures" is a term popularized by British scientist and novelist C.P. Snow in his 1959 Rede Lecture, which was later published as a book. In this work, Snow highlights the cultural divide between the sciences and the humanities, arguing that these two fields of knowledge operate in largely separate spheres with little overlap or understanding between them. Snow's central thesis is that this division hinders progress in addressing complex societal problems, as interdisciplinary collaboration is often necessary for solutions.

Computational chemists are scientists who use computational methods and simulations to study and predict the behavior of chemical systems. This field combines principles from chemistry, physics, and computer science to investigate molecular structures, reactions, and properties without the need for extensive experimental work. Key roles and activities of computational chemists include: 1. **Modeling Molecules and Reactions**: They create models of molecular structures and chemical reactions using computer software and mathematical equations.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2021, there is no widely recognized concept, entity, or figure known as "Mary Ann Mansigh." It's possible that it could be a name of a private individual, a fictional character, or something that has come into recognition after my last update. Please provide more context or check more recent sources for the latest information.

Heuristics are cognitive strategies or mental shortcuts that people use to simplify decision-making and problem-solving processes. These strategies can help individuals arrive at solutions more quickly than more complex methods, particularly in situations where there is uncertainty or incomplete information. Heuristics are often based on prior experiences, common sense, and rules of thumb. While heuristics can be useful and efficient, they can also lead to biases and systematic errors in judgment.

Science experiments are systematic procedures conducted to test hypotheses, investigate phenomena, or demonstrate scientific principles. These experiments involve observing, measuring, and analyzing natural occurrences in a controlled environment. The goal is to gather empirical evidence that supports or refutes an idea or theory. Here are some key components of science experiments: 1. **Hypothesis**: A testable prediction about the relationship between variables. 2. **Variables**: Factors that can change in an experiment.

Cross impact analysis is a technique used to assess how various factors or events might impact each other within a given system or scenario. It is often employed in fields such as strategic planning, futures studies, risk assessment, and decision-making processes. The primary goal of cross impact analysis is to understand the interdependencies and interactions among different variables, enabling better-informed decisions by visualizing potential outcomes and relationships.

Fringe science refers to scientific ideas and theories that are considered to be outside the mainstream scientific consensus. These concepts often lack substantial empirical support or reproducibility and may not adhere to the rigorous methodologies and standards typically expected in established scientific fields. Fringe science can include topics that border on pseudoscience, where they might make claims that cannot be tested or falsified, or where they rely on anecdotal evidence rather than systematic research.

Isotope dilution is a quantitative analytical technique used to determine the concentration of a specific substance in a sample by using isotopically labeled compounds. This method relies on the principle that when a known quantity of an isotopically enriched (labeled) version of the substance is mixed with the sample, the ratio of the isotopes can be measured. It is particularly useful for analyzing trace elements and compounds in complex matrices where conventional techniques might be less effective.

MFEM (Modular Finite Element Methods) is an open-source software framework designed for the simulation of partial differential equations (PDEs) using finite element methods. It is particularly used in the fields of scientific computing, engineering, and applied mathematics. MFEM provides a modular and flexible environment that allows users to implement and test numerical algorithms, make use of advanced features like adaptive mesh refinement, and leverage high-performance computing capabilities.

Progressive contextualization is a methodology commonly discussed in fields such as education, psychology, and intercultural communication. It refers to the process of gradually adapting and modifying content or concepts to fit the cultural, social, or contextual backgrounds of the audience or learners. The aim is to make the information more relevant and understandable by connecting it to the learner's prior knowledge and experiences.

Scientific control refers to the systematic and methodical approach used in scientific investigations to ensure that the results of an experiment are valid and reliable. It involves several key principles and practices aimed at eliminating or minimizing the influence of extraneous variables, allowing researchers to draw accurate conclusions about the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Key components of scientific control include: 1. **Control Groups**: In experiments, control groups do not receive the experimental treatment or manipulation that is applied to the experimental groups.

"Scientific enterprise" refers to the collective activities, organizations, and processes involved in the pursuit of scientific research and knowledge creation. It encompasses a wide range of components, including: 1. **Research Institutions:** Universities, laboratories, and research organizations that conduct scientific investigations and experiments. 2. **Funding Agencies:** Government bodies, private foundations, and corporations that provide financial support for scientific research.

Agros2D is a software framework designed for simulating complex agricultural systems, particularly for research and development purposes. It typically integrates various environmental and agricultural variables to model and analyze practices, crop growth, pest dynamics, and other relevant factors affecting agriculture. Such frameworks often incorporate functionalities for data visualization, modeling different scenarios, and aiding decision-making processes in agricultural practices.