The term "Ethiopian computer scientists" refers to individuals from Ethiopia who specialize in the field of computer science. This encompasses a wide range of professionals and academics who may work in areas such as software development, artificial intelligence, data science, cybersecurity, machine learning, networking, and various other domains within computer science. Ethiopia has been investing in education and technology in recent years, leading to the development of a growing community of computer scientists and IT professionals.

"Greek computer scientists" could refer to several things: 1. **Greek Individuals in Computer Science**: This could mean prominent computer scientists of Greek origin or nationality. For example, individuals such as Christos Papadimitriou, a well-known theorist in computer science, is of Greek descent.

"Iranian computer scientists" generally refers to individuals of Iranian nationality or descent who are engaged in the field of computer science. This can encompass a wide range of professionals, including researchers, professors, software engineers, and developers. Iran has a growing community of computer scientists who contribute to various subfields, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, software engineering, data science, networking, cybersecurity, and more.

CPU modes refer to different operational states or privilege levels that a central processing unit (CPU) can operate in. These modes manage how software interacts with hardware and control access to system resources, enhancing security and stability. The most common CPU modes are: 1. **User Mode**: - This is the mode in which user applications run. In user mode, applications have restricted access to hardware and system resources to prevent them from interfering with core system operations.

Camfecting is a term that combines "camera" and "infecting." It refers to the act of taking control of a webcam or other camera without the user's consent, typically through malicious software (malware) or hacking techniques. The goal of camfecting is often to capture video or images of the user without their knowledge, which can violate privacy and lead to serious security concerns.

South Korean computer scientists are individuals from South Korea who specialize in the field of computer science, which encompasses a wide range of topics including algorithms, artificial intelligence, machine learning, software engineering, data science, cybersecurity, and more. South Korea has a strong educational system and a vibrant technology sector, contributing to significant advancements in computing and related fields.

New Zealand computer scientists refer to professionals and researchers in the field of computer science who work or reside in New Zealand. This community contributes to a variety of areas within computer science, including but not limited to: 1. **Software Development**: Creating applications, systems, and tools for various industries. 2. **Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning**: Researching and developing algorithms that enable machines to learn from data.

Polish computer scientists refer to individuals from Poland who have made significant contributions to the field of computer science. Poland has a rich history in this domain, being home to several influential figures and institutions. Notable Polish computer scientists include: 1. **Julian Biganski** - Known for his work in the development of programming languages.

Serbian computer scientists refer to individuals from Serbia or of Serbian descent who are involved in the field of computer science. This encompasses a wide range of professionals, including researchers, professors, software developers, engineers, and technology entrepreneurs. Serbia has made significant contributions to various areas of computer science, including artificial intelligence, software engineering, computer graphics, and more. The country is home to several universities and research institutions where computer science is a prominent field of study.

BlueHat is a security conference that is primarily organized by Microsoft. It focuses on cybersecurity and brings together researchers, security professionals, and industry leaders to discuss various aspects of security in software, hardware, and networking. The conference typically features keynotes, presentations, workshops, and discussions on current trends, challenges, and innovations in the field of cybersecurity. The term "BlueHat" can also refer to Microsoft's efforts to engage with the security research community to improve the security of their products.

"Internet leaks" generally refer to the unauthorized release of sensitive, confidential, or private information online. This can include leaks of personal data, emails, documents, or other types of information that were not intended for public access. Internet leaks can occur due to hacking, insider threats, or accidental exposure and can involve various entities, such as governments, corporations, or individuals.

People associated with computer security come from various backgrounds and roles, contributing to the field in different capacities. Here are some key categories: 1. **Security Analysts**: These professionals analyze and monitor security systems for compliance, identify potential threats and vulnerabilities, and respond to security incidents. 2. **Security Engineers**: They design and implement security architecture and systems. Their work includes developing policies, protocols, and tools to protect systems and data.

Adversarial machine learning is a field of study that focuses on the vulnerabilities of machine learning models in the presence of adversarial inputs. Specifically, it investigates how malicious actors might exploit weaknesses in machine learning algorithms to deceive them or cause them to misclassify data. This area combines insights from machine learning, statistics, and game theory to understand and defend against such attacks.

Richard D. Braatz is a professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He is known for his work in the fields of control systems and process systems engineering. His research often focuses on the development of advanced control and optimization techniques for various industrial processes.

Collaboration-oriented architecture (COA) is a design paradigm that focuses on facilitating collaboration among various components, systems, or stakeholders within an organization or between different organizations. This approach emphasizes the seamless integration and interaction of various entities to achieve common goals, improve efficiency, and enhance innovation. Here are some key characteristics of collaboration-oriented architecture: 1. **Interoperability**: COA promotes the ability of different systems and components to work together effectively, often utilizing open standards and protocols to ensure seamless communication.

Cure53 is a cybersecurity consultancy firm based in Berlin, Germany. It specializes in web application security, penetration testing, and code reviews, among other security-related services. Founded in 2015, Cure53 focuses on helping organizations identify and mitigate vulnerabilities in their systems, particularly through rigorous testing and audits. The firm is known for its expertise in both offensive and defensive cybersecurity practices, and it often works with clients in various sectors, including technology, finance, and government.

The Cyber Intelligence Sharing and Protection Act (CISPA) is a U.S. law that was first introduced in 2013. Its primary purpose is to facilitate the sharing of cyber threat intelligence between the government and private sector organizations. The goal of CISPA is to improve the nation's cybersecurity posture by enabling quicker and more effective responses to cyber threats through enhanced collaboration and information exchange.

The Cyber Threat Intelligence Integration Center (CTIIC) is an initiative established by the United States government to enhance the nation's ability to collect, analyze, and disseminate cyber threat intelligence. Its primary mission is to improve the integration of cyber threat intelligence across different agencies and sectors, thereby strengthening the overall cybersecurity posture of the United States.

A **cyber range** is a dedicated virtual environment designed for cybersecurity training, testing, and experimentation. It allows organizations, security professionals, and researchers to simulate real-world cyber threats and scenarios in a controlled setting. Here are some key aspects of cyber ranges: 1. **Training**: Cyber ranges provide a platform for cybersecurity professionals to enhance their skills through hands-on experiences. They can practice responding to cyberattacks, understanding vulnerabilities, and applying mitigation strategies in a safe environment.

Cyberbiosecurity is an interdisciplinary field that integrates cybersecurity with biosecurity, focusing on the protection of biological research and biotechnological processes from cyber threats. As biological research increasingly relies on digital technologies, data, and interconnected systems, the potential for cyberattacks targeting biological data, bioinformatics tools, and biomanufacturing processes has grown.