Austrian bioinformaticians are professionals in Austria who specialize in bioinformatics, a field that combines biology, computer science, and information technology to analyze and interpret biological data. This includes various areas such as genomics, proteomics, systems biology, and personalized medicine.

"The Logic of Scientific Discovery" is a philosophical work by the Austrian philosopher Karl Popper, first published in German in 1934 as "Die Logik der Forschung." The book is significant in the field of the philosophy of science and introduces Popper's theory of falsifiability as a criterion for distinguishing scientific theories from non-scientific ones.

The Problem of Future Contingents is a philosophical issue that deals with the nature of truth and reference concerning statements about the future, particularly those that are contingent—meaning that their truth value is not determined. The central question is whether propositions about the future, which may or may not come to pass, can be said to have a definite truth value at the present moment.

Pseudo-Zeno typically refers to a philosophical concept or argument that is inspired by or analogous to Zeno's paradoxes, particularly in their structure or implications but does not fit squarely within the original framework of Zeno's philosophy. Zeno of Elea, a Greek philosopher, is well-known for his paradoxes that challenge our understanding of motion and change, such as the famous "Achilles and the Tortoise" paradox.

In philosophy, "predication" refers to the relationship between a subject and a predicate in a statement. Specifically, it involves attributing properties, qualities, or relations to a subject within a proposition. Predication is a central concept in logic and metaphysics, as it helps to analyze how we make claims about the world and how those claims convey information about the subjects we discuss.

Austrian information theory refers to a perspective on the use of information in economic analysis that is often associated with the Austrian School of economics. The Austrian School emphasizes the importance of individual knowledge and the role of information in decision-making processes within the economy. Information theorists in this context typically focus on how information is dispersed among individuals and how this affects economic outcomes.

Syllogism is a form of logical reasoning that uses deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion based on two premises. It consists of three parts: a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion. The structure of a syllogism allows for the deduction of a conclusion that logically follows from the premises. Here’s a classic example of a syllogism: 1. Major Premise: All humans are mortal. 2. Minor Premise: Socrates is a human.

Heraclitus was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from Ephesus, who lived around 535-475 BCE. He is best known for his doctrine of change being central to the universe, encapsulated in his famous statement, "You cannot step into the same river twice." This idea reflects his belief that everything is in a state of flux and that permanence is an illusion.

The anti-nuclear movement in Israel comprises various grassroots and political actions opposing the country’s nuclear weapons program and advocating for disarmament. Although Israel has never officially confirmed or denied possessing nuclear weapons, it is widely believed to have developed them, particularly during the 1960s. Key aspects of the anti-nuclear movement in Israel include: 1. **Public Awareness and Advocacy**: Groups and individuals have worked to raise awareness about the potential dangers of nuclear weapons, including their humanitarian and environmental impacts.

The anti-nuclear movement in New Zealand is a social and political movement that opposes the use, proliferation, and testing of nuclear weapons and nuclear energy. The movement gained significant momentum during the late 20th century, particularly in the 1970s and 1980s, in response to global nuclear tensions and local concerns about the implications of nuclear technology.

In graph theory, a **bramble** is a concept used to describe a certain type of structure in a graph related to covering and dominating sets. Specifically, a bramble is a collection of subsets of vertices that captures the idea of a "tangled" set of vertices that cannot be separated from each other without removing some edges from the graph.

In graph theory, the term "intersection number" can refer to different concepts depending on the context. However, it is most commonly associated with two specific usages: 1. **Intersection Number of a Graph**: This is the minimum number of intersections in a planar drawing of a graph. A graph is drawn in the plane such that its edges do not intersect except at their endpoints. The intersection number can be an important characteristic when studying the embedding of graphs on surfaces or in understanding their topological properties.

In graph theory, a periodic graph typically refers to a graph that exhibits a certain kind of regularity or repetition in its structure. Although "periodic graph" is not a standard term with a universally accepted definition, it often relates to graphs that have a periodicity in their vertex arrangement or edge connections. For example, a periodic graph can be understood in the context of cellular structures or tessellations, where the graph is invariant under specific transformations, such as translations, rotations, or reflections.

A sparsity matroid is a specific type of combinatorial structure that arises in the study of graphs and optimization, particularly in the context of network flows, cuts, and efficient algorithms for various combinatorial problems.

Halin's Grid Theorem is a result in graph theory that describes the structure of certain infinite graphs. Specifically, it focuses on a type of infinite graph known as a "grid" graph, which is a graph that resembles a two-dimensional grid or lattice. Halin's theorem provides conditions under which such infinite grid graphs can be embedded into three-dimensional space without crossings.

The disjoint union of graphs is a concept in graph theory that combines two or more graphs into a new graph in such a way that the original graphs do not share any vertices or edges. Here's how it works: 1. **Graphs Involved**: Suppose you have two or more graphs \( G_1, G_2, \ldots, G_n \).

The Goldberg–Coxeter construction is a method used in geometry, particularly in the study of polyhedra and polyhedral structures. It provides a systematic way to generate a class of convex polyhedra, particularly those that can be described as geometric realizations of certain types of combinatorial structures known as "spherical polyhedra.

"Internet Plus" is a concept that originates from China, introduced by the Chinese government in 2015. It refers to the integration of the Internet with various sectors of the economy and society to foster innovation and enhance efficiency. The idea behind Internet Plus is to leverage the capabilities of the Internet — such as data connectivity, big data, cloud computing, and mobile technologies — to improve traditional industries and stimulate new modes of production and consumption.

An **eternal dominating set** is a concept from graph theory, particularly in the study of domination in graphs. The idea revolves around the ability to monitor or control the vertices of a graph over time, adapting to changes such as the removal of vertices.