A First-order Hold (FoH) is a method used in digital signal processing and control systems to reconstruct a continuous-time signal from discrete samples. It is an interpolation technique that approximates the value of the continuous signal between the discrete sample points. ### Key Features of First-order Hold: 1. **Linear Interpolation**: The First-order Hold generates a piecewise linear approximation of the signal. Between two consecutive sample points, it forms a straight line that connects the two samples.
"Full scale" can refer to different concepts depending on the context in which it is used. Below are some common interpretations: 1. **Engineering and Modeling**: In engineering, "full scale" refers to a model or representation that is built to the same dimensions and specifications as the actual object. For instance, a full-scale model of a building would have the same height, width, and features as the actual building.
Host signal processing refers to the set of techniques and algorithms used to analyze and interpret signals (such as audio, video, or sensory data) within a computing device known as a "host." This typically occurs in environments where the processing of signals is performed on a central processing unit (CPU) or a more powerful server-side component, as opposed to being handled by dedicated hardware or embedded systems.
The Matched Z-transform method is a technique used in the field of digital signal processing and control systems to analyze and design discrete-time systems. The method is particularly useful for converting continuous-time systems to discrete-time systems while preserving the system's characteristics. ### Key Concepts: 1. **Z-transform**: - The Z-transform is a mathematical tool used to convert a discrete-time signal (a sequence of samples) into a complex frequency domain representation.
Multidimensional multirate systems are systems in which signals or data can vary in multiple dimensions (such as time, space, or other variables) and where different rates of sampling or processing are applied across these dimensions. These systems are important in various fields such as signal processing, control systems, and telecommunications, where the complexity of data requires advanced techniques for analysis and interpretation.
Noise shaping is a signal processing technique used to manipulate the spectral properties of quantization noise in digital signal processing and audio applications. The main goal of noise shaping is to reduce the perceptibility of noise in critical frequency ranges while allowing it to increase in less critical ranges, thus improving the overall perceived quality of the signal.
A reconstruction filter, in the context of signal processing and digital-to-analog conversion, refers to a filter used to reconstruct an analog signal from its sampled version. This process is essential when converting discrete samples back into a continuous signal, especially in the context of digital audio, video, and other multimedia applications.
Pipelining in the context of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) refers to a technique used to increase the throughput of a signal processing system by overlapping the execution of different stages of processing. It allows multiple instruction phases to be processed simultaneously by splitting them into discrete stages, each of which can operate in parallel. ### How Pipelining Works: 1. **Stages of Processing**: A DSP algorithm can be broken down into multiple stages.
Sampling in signal processing refers to the process of converting a continuous-time signal into a discrete-time signal. This is done by measuring the amplitude of the continuous signal at regular intervals, known as the sampling period. The resulting set of sampled values represents the original signal in a form that can be processed, stored, and transmitted by digital systems.
As of my last knowledge update in October 2023, "Autapse" does not refer to a widely recognized term in scientific literature or popular culture. However, it is possible that it could refer to a specific concept, product, technology, or niche subject in fields like neuroscience, artificial intelligence, or perhaps even a brand or software that has emerged after my last update.
December 2023: www.tudogostoso.com.br/receita/81176-gelatina-de-abacaxi-com-creme-de-leite.html Terribly explained recipe! Used 5 spoons of sugar rather than 10, and a 300ml cup of double cream. Turned out OK, except that the cream condensed all on top, and assumed the same coarse texture as when you do a fatty beef and let it cool, so not so nice,
Maybe this would be more successful: receitas.globo.com/tipos-de-prato/doces-e-sobremesas/gelatina-de-abacaxi-4e64345bddf17214b4003e71.ghtml They also use condensed milk, and beat the cream with the jelly, so it might mix better? It didn't really.
June 2024: Now going for:
  • 4 cups of water
  • 1 spoon of sugar
  • just drop 150 ml double cream on top after jelly and mix with spoon since anything else was pointless to get mixture
For some reason it became too liquid this time, the jelly didn't work very well. Not sure why. The pineapple was a bit large.
TSMC by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
One of the companies that has fabs, which buys machines from companies such as ASML and puts them together in so called "silicon fabs" to make the chips
As the quintessential fabless fab, there is on thing TSMC can never ever do: sell their own design! It must forever remain a fab-only company, that will never compete with its customers. This is highlighted e.g. at youtu.be/TRZqE6H-dww?t=936 from Video "How Nvidia Won Graphics Cards by Asianometry (2021)".
Video 1.
How Taiwan Created TSMC by Asianometry (2020)
Source. Some points:
  • UCM failed because it focused too much on the internal market, and was shielded from external competition, so it didn't become world leading
  • one of TSMC's great advances was the fabless business model approach.
  • they managed to do large technology transfers from the West to kickstart things off
  • one of their main victories was investing early in CMOS, before it became huge, and winning that market

Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project

Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
We have two killer features:
  1. topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculus
    Articles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
    • a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
    • a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
    This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
    Figure 1.
    Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page
    . View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivative
  2. local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:
    This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
    Figure 2.
    You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either https://OurBigBook.com or as a static website
    .
    Figure 3.
    Visual Studio Code extension installation
    .
    Figure 4.
    Visual Studio Code extension tree navigation
    .
    Figure 5.
    Web editor
    . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally.
    Video 3.
    Edit locally and publish demo
    . Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension.
    Video 4.
    OurBigBook Visual Studio Code extension editing and navigation demo
    . Source.
  3. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook-media/master/feature/x/hilbert-space-arrow.png
  4. Infinitely deep tables of contents:
    Figure 6.
    Dynamic article tree with infinitely deep table of contents
    .
    Descendant pages can also show up as toplevel e.g.: ourbigbook.com/cirosantilli/chordate-subclade
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact