Calibrated probability assessment refers to the process of estimating probabilities in a way that ensures these probabilities accurately reflect the likelihood of the events they represent. In other words, if you predict that an event has a 70% chance of occurring, then, over a large number of such predictions, you would expect that event to occur approximately 70% of the time. This concept is especially important in fields such as machine learning, statistics, and decision-making, where accurate probability assessments can significantly influence outcomes.

The Cambridge Diploma in Computer Science is a qualification offered by Cambridge Assessment International Education, typically aimed at high school-level students. This diploma may be part of a broader set of qualifications that include Cambridge IGCSEs and A Levels, focusing on computer science principles, programming, and computational thinking.

Cameroonian mathematicians are individuals from Cameroon or of Cameroonian descent who engage in the field of mathematics either as researchers, educators, or practitioners. The country has a growing community of mathematicians who contribute to various areas of mathematical research and education, including pure and applied mathematics, statistics, and mathematical modeling. The development of mathematics in Cameroon has been supported by universities, research institutions, and organizations that promote STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education.

George B. Pegram was an American physicist known for his contributions to the fields of nuclear and particle physics. He served as a professor and researcher in several prestigious institutions, including Columbia University. In addition to his research work, he was noted for his leadership roles in various scientific organizations and played a significant part in the development of the field of nuclear science. If you meant something else by "George B.

Protein–ligand docking is a computational technique used to predict the preferred orientation and binding affinity of a small molecule (the ligand) when it interacts with a protein (typically a receptor or enzyme). This method is essential in fields such as drug discovery, where understanding how a potential therapeutic compound interacts with a biological target is crucial for developing effective medications. ### Key Concepts in Protein–Ligand Docking: 1. **Protein Structure**: The three-dimensional structure of the protein is essential for docking.

Cardinality is a mathematical concept that refers to the number of elements in a set or the size of a set. It is used to describe the quantity of items in both finite and infinite sets. 1. **Finite Sets**: For finite sets, cardinality is simply the count of distinct elements.

Carl Charlier was a Swedish astronomer, best known for his contributions to celestial mechanics and astrophysics in the early 20th century. He is particularly recognized for developing statistical methods for analyzing astronomical data. One of his notable works involved the analysis of stellar distribution in the Milky Way and contributions to the study of star clusters and nebulae.

Carlo Severini is not widely recognized in general knowledge or notable figures. However, there is a Carlo Severini who is known as an Italian mathematician, particularly in the fields of complex analysis and mathematical physics.

A Carmichael number is a composite number \( n \) that satisfies Fermat's little theorem for all integers \( a \) that are coprime to \( n \). Specifically, Fermat's little theorem states that if \( p \) is a prime number, then for any integer \( a \) such that \( a \) is not divisible by \( p \), \[ a^{p-1} \equiv 1 \ (\text{mod} \ p).

Carlos Lousto is an astrophysicist known for his work in the field of gravitational wave research, particularly related to black hole mergers and numerical relativity. He has been affiliated with institutions like the University of Maryland and has contributed to the understanding of the dynamics of black holes and the generation of gravitational waves through computational simulations.

Carmen Magallón is a Spanish physicist known for her work in the field of nuclear physics and for her contributions to the advancement of science communication and education. She has actively engaged in promoting scientific literacy and the importance of science in society.

The Carmichael function, denoted as \( \lambda(n) \), is a function that gives the least positive integer \( m \) such that \( a^m \equiv 1 \pmod{n} \) for all integers \( a \) that are coprime to \( n \). In other words, it is the smallest exponent for which every number coprime to \( n \) has a power that is congruent to 1 modulo \( n \).

George F. C. Griss is a noted figure in the field of computer science and engineering, particularly recognized for his contributions to the area of software engineering and system architecture. However, specific details about his work and accomplishments can vary depending on the context being referred to.