Advantages of fog: there is only one, reusing hardware that would be otherwise idle.
Disadvantages:
  • in cloud, you can put your datacenter on the location with the cheapest possible power. On fog you can't.
  • on fog there is some waste due to network communication.
  • you will likely optimize code less well because you might be targeting a wide array of different types of hardware, so more power (and time) wastage. Furthermore, some of the hardware used will not not be optimal for the task, e.g. CPU instead of GPU.
All of this makes Ciro Santilli doubtful if it wouldn't be more efficient for volunteers simply to donate money rather than inefficient power usage.
Bibliography:
Protein tag by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
You modify the DNA of a cell and stick a fluorescent protein right before or after another protein. Then when it gets translated, the GFP is stuck to the protein of interest, which hopefully hasn't lost its function as a result, then you can just see the protein of interest.
Fluorometer by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
Video 1.
Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) with the Fluorolog Fluorimeter by Yale CBIC (2011)
Source.
Ethernet cable by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
When non-specialists say "Ethernet cable", they usually mean twisted pair for Ethernet over twisted pair.
But of course, this term is much more generic to a more specialized person, since notably fiber optics are also extensively used in Ethernet over fiber.
20 minutes in optimal conditions, with a crazy multiple start sites mechanism: E. Coli starts DNA replication before the previous one finished.
Otherwise, naively, would take 60-90 minutes just to replicate and segregate the full DNA otherwise. So it starts copying multiple times.

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