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A photosynthetic state transition redistributes excitation between photosystems in response to their relative activity. In plants, regulated phosphorylation of a mobile LHCII fraction helps alter its functional association with the two photosystems.
A measurable signal used to investigate the state of the photosynthetic machinery. Recovery after drying can be informative, but should be complemented by measurements of growth and reproductive success.
Total photosynthetic carbon uptake over the stated area and interval, before subtraction of producer respiration.
Conductance for gas exchange through stomata, influencing carbon uptake and water loss. Responses to carbon dioxide and atmospheric dryness can affect growth and water-use efficiency.
A pigment–protein assembly collecting light and transferring excitation towards a photosynthetic reaction centre. Excitation transfer between pigments differs from electron transfer after charge separation.
The pigment–protein machinery converting excitation into separated redox equivalents. Productive charge separation competes with decay of the excited state.
Processes limiting light-induced damage when absorbed excitation exceeds safe photochemical use. Energy dissipation, regulated electron flow and repair have complementary roles.
A light-associated decrease in photosynthetic capacity, often involving damage and recovery processes. It should be distinguished from rapidly reversible protective energy dissipation.
Adjustment of the composition, capacity or organization of photosynthetic machinery to prevailing conditions. It acts alongside faster regulation of existing components.
Projection lithography using a liquid between the final lens and wafer to increase numerical aperture through its refractive index, with stringent optical and chemical compatibility requirements.
Pattern projection using extreme-ultraviolet radiation, multilayer reflective optics and a reflective mask.
Mask-based optical pattern transfer across a small noncontact gap. Fresnel diffraction across the gap blurs edges; a common resolution estimate is for wavelength , gap and process factor .
Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project
Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
Intro to OurBigBook
. Source. We have two killer features:
- topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculusArticles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
- a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
- a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
Figure 1. Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page. View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivativeVideo 2. OurBigBook Web topics demo. Source. - local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
- to OurBigBook.com to get awesome multi-user features like topics and likes
- as HTML files to a static website, which you can host yourself for free on many external providers like GitHub Pages, and remain in full control
Figure 2. You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either OurBigBook.com or as a static website.
Figure 3. Visual Studio Code extension installation.
Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally. Video 3. Edit locally and publish demo. Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension. 
- Infinitely deep tables of contents:
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact