A bending moment is an internal torque transmitted across a cut through a beam or elastic plate. For a slender linear elastic beam, up to sign convention, where is Young's modulus, the second moment of area, and the centreline curvature. The corresponding bending response of an elastic plate is described by its bending stiffness and curvature tensor.
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A bending moment is a measure of the internal moment that causes a beam or structural element to bend. It results from external loads applied to the beam, which create a moment about a section of the beam. The bending moment at a particular section of a beam determines how much the beam will bend (deflect) at that section.