Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2020 ii Paper 3 8B Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-29
The repulsive force is , so the Hamiltonian isThe Hamilton's equations give and . Consequentlyso the angular momentum is conserved. Moreover,It follows that the Laplace-Runge-Lenz vector is conserved. By the Hamiltonian conservation law, these time derivatives are exactly and , so both Poisson brackets vanish.
The integrals of motion are the energy , the components of , and the components of , subject toTaking the dot product of with givesTherefore the polar equation of a repulsive inverse-square orbit iswhere and . For a nonradial physical scattering orbit , the identity above gives , as expected for a hyperbolic Kepler orbit.