A Jackson-type estimate bounds an approximation error by a smoothness quantity such as a <modulus of continuity>, with the smoothness evaluated at a scale comparable to the reciprocal of the approximating degree.

Jackson-type estimate

At the cusp of $f_0(t)=|t|$, positivity and evenness of the <Fejér kernel> give
$$
\sigma_n(f_0,0)-f_0(0)
=\frac2\pi\int_0^\pi F_n(t)t\,dt.
$$
Since $\sin(t/2)\leq t/2$,
$$
\sigma_n(f_0,0)
\geq\frac4{\pi n}\int_0^\pi
\frac{\sin^2(nt/2)}{t}\,dt.
$$
Summing the supplied lower bound over $I_k$, $1\leq k\leq n'=\lfloor n/2\rfloor$, yields
$$
\sigma_n(f_0,0)
\geq\frac{c}{n}\sum_{k=1}^{n'}\frac1k.
$$
The <harmonic series> satisfies $\sum_{k=1}^{n'}k^{-1}\geq c'\log n$, so
$$
\boxed{|\sigma_n(f_0,0)-f_0(0)|
\geq c_1'\frac{\log n}{n}}.
$$

The <modulus of continuity> of the periodic function $f_0$ obeys $\omega(f_0,1/n)=1/n$. If a universal <Jackson-type estimate>
$$
\|\sigma_n(f)-f\|_\infty\leq C\omega(f,1/n)
$$
held for all continuous periodic $f$, it would give $O(1/n)$ for $f_0$, contradicting the lower bound. Thus
$$
\boxed{\text{no such universal Jackson-type estimate holds for Fejér sums}.}
$$

Solution

Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2024 / iii / Paper 318 / 1 / c / Solution

{title2=$\omega(f,\delta)$}
{wiki}

The modulus of continuity of a function $f$ is
$$
\omega(f,\delta)=\sup\{|f(x)-f(y)|:d(x,y)\leq\delta\}.
$$
It quantifies <uniform continuity> by recording the largest oscillation of $f$ across pairs of points at distance at most $\delta$.

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 Incoming links: Modulus of continuity