Augmented Backus–Naur Form (ABNF) is a notation used to express the syntax of languages, particularly programming languages and data formats. It is an extension of the original Backus–Naur Form (BNF), which was developed by John Backus and Peter Naur in the 1960s. ABNF incorporates several enhancements and features that make it more expressive and convenient compared to standard BNF.

The Gender Parity Index (GPI) is a statistical measure used to assess the relative representation of males and females in a given population, particularly in the context of education, employment, and other social indicators. It is often used to evaluate gender equality and equity in various sectors. The GPI is calculated by taking the ratio of the number of females to the number of males in a specific context.

Augmented tuning typically refers to techniques used to enhance the performance of machine learning models, particularly deep learning models, by leveraging additional information or methodologies beyond standard training practices. While the term may not have a universally accepted definition, it generally encompasses strategies such as: 1. **Data Augmentation**: This involves creating new training examples by applying transformations to existing data, such as rotations, flips, scaling, or color adjustments.

August Leopold Crelle was a German mathematician best known for his contributions to algebra and for founding the journal "Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik," commonly known as Crelle's Journal, in 1826. The journal became an important publication in the field of mathematics, providing a platform for new research and developments in various mathematical topics.

Austin moving-knife procedures are a type of algorithmic mechanism used in social choice theory and voting systems. They are designed to address the problem of fair division of goods or resources among individuals, ensuring that the allocation is done in a way that respects certain fairness criteria. In particular, moving-knife procedures involve a hypothetical "knife" that moves continuously over a set of divisible goods or resources, allowing participants to express their preferences in real-time.

A gene gun, also known as a biolistic particle delivery system, is a device used to deliver DNA or other genetic material into cells. This technique is commonly employed in biotechnology and genetic engineering, particularly for plants and some animal cells. The gene gun works by accelerating tiny particles, often made of gold or tungsten, that are coated with the DNA of interest.

`AUTOEXEC.BAT` is a system file used in DOS (Disk Operating System) and Windows operating systems prior to Windows XP. It is a batch file that is automatically executed during the booting process when the operating system is started. The primary purpose of the `AUTOEXEC.BAT` file is to set up environment variables, configure system settings, and load specific programs or drivers needed for the system to function properly. Here are some common tasks performed by `AUTOEXEC.

Automated Flight Following refers to the use of technology and systems to track and monitor aircraft in real-time, often relying on automated processes and systems to enhance situational awareness, safety, and efficiency in flight operations. This concept is particularly relevant in aviation, where accurate tracking of aircraft movements is crucial for air traffic management, safety, and operational efficiency.

Automatic weapons are firearms that are designed to fire multiple rounds with a single pull of the trigger. There are two main types of automatic weapons: 1. **Submachine Guns**: These are lightweight, fully automatic firearms that fire pistol cartridges. They are typically used in close-quarters combat. 2. **Assault Rifles**: These are more powerful, fully automatic or select-fire rifles that can fire intermediate cartridges.

Auxetics are materials that exhibit a unique property known as a negative Poisson's ratio. This means that when these materials are stretched in one direction, they expand in the perpendicular direction, contrary to most conventional materials, which tend to contract when stretched. In more technical terms, the Poisson's ratio is a measure of the ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. For most materials, this value is positive, indicating that stretching in one direction results in contraction in the other.

Average human height can vary significantly by country and is influenced by a variety of factors, including genetics, nutrition, health care, and socioeconomic conditions.

The Average Treatment Effect (ATE) is a fundamental concept in causal inference and statistics that quantifies the effect of a treatment or intervention on an outcome of interest across a population. Specifically, ATE measures the average difference in outcomes between individuals who receive the treatment and those who do not.

Axel Sophus Guldberg (1836-1902) was a Norwegian chemist known for his contributions to the field of chemical kinetics and equilibrium. He is particularly noted for Guldberg-Waage equation, which is foundational in the study of chemical equilibrium. Together with his colleague Peter Waage, he formulated the mass action law, which describes how the rates of chemical reactions depend on the concentrations of the reactants.

Axiomatic semantics is a formal method used in the field of computer science, particularly in the areas of programming language theory and formal verification. It provides a framework to describe the meaning of programming languages using mathematical logic. The primary goal of axiomatic semantics is to define the behavior of programs in a rigorous and precise manner. In axiomatic semantics, the meaning of a program is expressed in terms of logical assertions (or axioms) about the states of the program before and after its execution.

The Bach tensor is a mathematical object in the field of differential geometry, specifically within the study of Riemannian and pseudo-Riemannian manifolds. It is a derived tensor that is associated with the Ricci curvature and the Weyl tensor, and it plays an important role in the classification of the geometric properties of manifolds. More precisely, the Bach tensor is defined in the context of four-dimensional Riemannian manifolds and is related to the conformal structure of the manifold.

"Back to Front" is a studio album by the Motown vocal group The Temptations, released in 1973. The album features a mix of soul and R&B tracks, showcasing the group's signature harmonies and style. It includes songs that were both written and produced by prominent figures in the Motown label, and it reflects the musical trends of the early 1970s.

Backyard railways, often referred to as garden railways or miniature railroads, are small-scale rail systems typically constructed in private backyards or gardens. These miniature railways are designed for hobbyists and enthusiasts who enjoy modeling, railroading, and landscaping. Here's an overview of backyard railways: ### Key Features: 1. **Scale Models**: Backyard railways can be built to various scales, with popular scales being G scale (1:22.

The balanced polygamma function is a generalization of the classical polygamma function, which is itself the derivative of the logarithm of the gamma function.

The Puppe sequence specifically refers to a numerical sequence mentioned in various mathematical discussions, although it might not be widely recognized or defined in mainstream mathematics.

Balanced ternary is a numeral system that uses three digits: -1, 0, and 1. Unlike the traditional ternary (base-3) system that uses the digits 0, 1, and 2, balanced ternary represents numbers in a way that allows for a balanced representation around zero.