E.g. thinking about the electric potential alone, you could set the zero anywhere, and everything would remain be the same.
The Lorentz gauge is just one such choice. It is however a very popular one, because it is also manifestly Lorentz invariant.
Group theory, abstraction, and the 196,883-dimensional monster by 3Blue1Brown (2020)
Source. Too basic, starts motivating groups themselves, therefore does not give anything new or rare.- Stern-Gerlach experiment
- fine structure split in energy levels
- anomalous Zeeman effect
- of a more statistical nature, but therefore also macroscopic and more dramatically observable:
- ferromagnetism
- Bose-Einstein statistics vs Fermi-Dirac statistics. A notable example is the difference in superfluid transition temperature between superfluid helium-3 and superfluid helium-4.
This section is about games initially designed for humans, but which ended up being used in AI development as well, e.g.:
- board games such as chess and Go
- video games such as Minecraft or old Video game console games
Isothermal means "at fixed temperature".
This is to contrast with the more well established polymerase chain reaction, which requires heating and cooling the sample several times.
Ciro Santilli distinctly remembers being taught that at basic electrical engineering school during Ciro Santilli's undergrad studies at the University of São Paulo.
It really allows you to do alternating current calculations much as you'd do DC calculations with resistors, quite poweful. It must have been all the rage in the 1950s.
Convex hull of all (Cartesian product power) D-tuples, e.g. in 3D:
( 1, 1, 1)
( 1, 1, -1)
( 1, -1, 1)
( 1, -1, -1)
(-1, 1, 1)
(-1, 1, -1)
(-1, -1, 1)
(-1, -1, -1) There are unlisted articles, also show them or only show them.