Enzyme Updated 2025-07-16
For an initial concrete example, consider e. Coli K-12 MG1655 gene thrA.
Video 1.
How Enzymes Work by RCSBProteinDataBank (2017)
Source. Shows in detail how aconitase catalyses the citrate to isocitrate reaction in the citric acid cycle.
Glycoprotein Updated 2025-07-16
Invertible matrix Updated 2025-07-16
The set of all invertible matrices forms a group: the general linear group with matrix multiplication. Non-invertible matrices don't form a group due to the lack of inverse.
River Cam Updated 2025-07-16
Semiconductor diode Updated 2025-07-16
Figure 1. . Source. This image shows well how the diode is only an approximation of the ideal one way device. Notably, there is this non-ideal voltage drop across the device, which can be modelled as constant. It is however an exponential in fact.
Video 1.
Diodes Explained by The Engineering Mindset (2020)
Source. Good video:
Ciro's Edict #7 / Next steps Updated 2025-07-16
Improve article editing which is very buggy and inconvenient!
I'll also look into some more likely easy but very important topic improvements:
Hertz Updated 2025-07-16
Named after radio pioneer Heinrich Hertz.
Wave equation solver Updated 2025-07-16
This section talks about solvers/simulators dedicated solving the wave equation. Of course, any serious solver will likely be able to solve a wider range of PDE, so this section contains mostly fun toys. For more serious stuff see: Section "PDE solver".
JavaScript toy solvers:
Wave function collapse Updated 2025-07-16
Similar to quantum jump in the Bohr model, but for the Schrödinger equation.
The idea the the wave function of a small observed system collapses "obviously" cannot be the full physical truth, only a very useful approximation of reality.
Because then are are hard pressed to determine the boundary between what collapses and what doesn't, and there isn't such a boundary, as everything is interacting, including the observer.
The many-worlds interpretation is an elegant explanation for this. Though it does feel a bit sad and superfluous.
Wayback Machine rate limit Updated 2025-07-16
archive.org/details/toomanyrequests_20191110 says 15 archives / minute, but apparently aslo 15 retrievals per minutes on Wikipedia, after which 5 min blacklist. After that, you start getting some 429s, and after that, server refuses to connect at al.
CDX: no limits apparently, they might just throttle you? Made 10k requets on bash loop and was going fine. But not that if you get blacklisted by create/fetch requests blacklist, server fails to connect here as well.
Superfluid helium-3 Updated 2025-07-16
Surprisingly, it can also become a superfluid even though each atom is a fermion! This is because of Cooper pair formation, just like in superconductors, but the transition happens at lower temperatures than superfluid helium-4, which is a boson.
aps.org/publications/apsnews/202110/history.cfm: October 1972: Publication of Discovery of Superfluid Helium-3 contains comments on the seminal paper and a graph which we must steal.
Good points:

There are unlisted articles, also show them or only show them.