Sample code by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
Like everything else in programming, the only way to really understand this is to play with minimal examples.
What makes this a "hard" subject is that the minimal example is large because you need to make your own small OS.
Example: simplified single-level paging scheme by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
This is an example of how paging operates on a _simplified_ version of a x86 architecture to implement a virtual memory space with a 20 | 12 address split (4 KiB page size).
PAE and PSE page table schemes by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
If either PAE and PSE are active, different paging level schemes are used:
  • no PAE and no PSE: 10 | 10 | 12
  • no PAE and PSE: 10 | 22.
    22 is the offset within the 4Mb page, since 22 bits address 4Mb.
  • PAE and no PSE: 2 | 9 | 9 | 12
    The design reason why 9 is used twice instead of 10 is that now entries cannot fit anymore into 32 bits, which were all filled up by 20 address bits and 12 meaningful or reserved flag bits.
    The reason is that 20 bits are not enough anymore to represent the address of page tables: 24 bits are now needed because of the 4 extra wires added to the processor.
    Therefore, the designers decided to increase entry size to 64 bits, and to make them fit into a single page table it is necessary reduce the number of entries to 2^9 instead of 2^10.
    The starting 2 is a new Page level called Page Directory Pointer Table (PDPT), since it _points_ to page directories and fill in the 32 bit linear address. PDPTs are also 64 bits wide.
    cr3 now points to PDPTs which must be on the fist four 4GB of memory and aligned on 32 bit multiples for addressing efficiency. This means that now cr3 has 27 significative bits instead of 20: 2^5 for the 32 multiples * 2^27 to complete the 2^32 of the first 4GB.
  • PAE and PSE: 2 | 9 | 21
    Designers decided to keep a 9 bit wide field to make it fit into a single page.
    This leaves 23 bits. Leaving 2 for the PDPT to keep things uniform with the PAE case without PSE leaves 21 for offset, meaning that pages are 2M wide instead of 4M.
Second Level Address Translation by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
Two level address translation to make OS emulation more efficient.
WhatsApp profile information is public by default by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
Your profile picture, name and status are public by default as of 2022!!! OMG!!!
This means that all secret services in the world have alrady scraped this information for everyone that uses WhatsApp!!!
They just have to go incrementally through the list of all phone numbers... 001 0000 0000, 001 0000 0001, 001 0000 0002, etc. and then you can deduce who has which phone number.
OMG... it is analogous to the Facebook profile face dump.
Voltage by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
Oxford University Press by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
Course of the University of Oxford by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
The course outline is given in a "handbook", a one or more PDF files that contain what people will learn and other practicalities. There is a full list of handbooks at: www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/guidance/undergraduate/handbooks, but many of them are closed. The system is so closed that even the fucking course list is closed, e.g. all links at: www2.physics.ox.ac.uk/students/undergraduates are closed. Insane.
University of California Los Angeles by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
Commissioning of the Twelve Apostles by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
The Twelve Apostles were actually officially appointed by Jesus amongst his followers. It was not simply that they were the first followers. It was official rank.
Modular trapped ion quantum computer by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
Trapped ion people acknowledge that they can't put a million qubits in on chip (TODO why) so they are already thinking of ways to entangle separate chips. Thinking is maybe the key word here. One of the propoesd approaches inolves optical links. Universal Quantum for example explicitly rejects that idea in favor of electric field link modularity.
Intrinsic termination by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
SVG 2 by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
SVG fonts by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
The major problem with SVG is text computer fonts. If you make an image with text that depends on one computer font and it is not present in the viewer's machine, it will use some other font, which may overlap with other elements of the image. Some libraries Matplotlib solve this by writing characters as curves, but this produces large files and unsearchable text. The inability of different computer platforms to standardize fonts that must always be present is a major issue.
Super Mario Bros. reverse engineering by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
Commented and labelled disassembly: gist.github.com/1wErt3r/4048722
Decompilation project: github.com/MitchellSternke/SuperMarioBros-C. That project does not produce the ROM however, it reimplements an emulator + game in a single binary.
Video 1.
Small Fire Mario glitch by Kosmic (2022)
Source.
Video 2.
Beating Super Mario Bros. as SLOWLY as Possible by Kosmic (2020)
Source.
kitone/subtitleeditor by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
Not to be confused with Subtitle Edit.
As of 0.54.0 this feels featureful, but extremely buggy or lacking UI obvious enhancements that would be simple to implement, and offer huge value:
It is hard to understand how that project reached this weird featureful but crappy state. Feels like they just gave push permission to a bunch of random people.
Mitochondrial matrix by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
Exchange-traded fund by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
S&P 500 by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created

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