Incoming links: AtomSea & EMBII
Check out: OurBigBook.com, the best way to publish your scientific knowledge. It's an open source note taking system that can publish from lightweight markup files in your computer both to a multi-user mind melding dynamic website, or as a static website. It's like Wikipedia + GitHub + Stack Overflow + Obsidian mashed up. Source code: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook.
Sponsor me to work on this project: 100k USD = I quit me job and work on it one year full time. Status: ~144k / 200k USD reached: 1st year locked-in, 2nd year stretch goal open at 200k USD. 1M USD = I retire and do it forever. How to donate: Section "Sponsor Ciro Santilli's work on OurBigBook.com".
I reached 100k USD after a 1000 Monero donation, so I quit my job for 1 year starting 1st June 2024 to solve as many STEM courses as I can from a world leading university to try and kickstart The Higher Education Revolution. If I reach 200k USD, then I'll do it for two years instead. A second year greatly improve chances of success: year one I solve a bunch of courses, year two I come guns blazing with the content and expand further.
Mission: to live in a world where you can learn university-level mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology and engineering from perfect free open source books that anyone can write to get famous. More rationale: Section "OurBigBook.com"
Explaining things is my superpower, e.g. I was top user #39 on Stack Overflow in 2023[ref][ref] and I have a few 1k+ star educational GitHub repositories[ref][ref][ref][ref]. Now I want to bring that level of awesomeness to masters level Mathematics and Physics. But I can't do it alone! So I created OurBigBook.com to allow everyone to work together towards the perfect book of everything.
My life's goal is to bring hardcore university-level STEM open educational content to all ages. Sponsor me at github.com/sponsors/cirosantilli starting from 1$/month so I can work full time on it. Further information: Section "Sponsor Ciro Santilli's work on OurBigBook.com". Achieving what I call "free gifted education" is my Nirvana.
This website is written in OurBigBook Markup, and it is published on both cirosantilli.com (static website) and outbigbook.om/cirosantilli (multi-user OurBigBook Web instance). Its source code is located at: github.com/cirosantilli/cirosantilli.github.io and also at
cirosantilli.com/_dir and it is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 unless otherwise noted.To contact Ciro, see: Section "How to contact Ciro Santilli". He likes to talk with random people of the Internet.
GitHub | Stack Overflow | LinkedIn | YouTube | Twitter | Wikipedia | Zhihu 知乎 | Weibo 微博 | Other accounts
Besides that, I'm also a freedom of speech slacktivist and recreational cyclist. I like Chinese traditional music and classic Brazilian pop. Opinions are my own, but they could be yours too. Tax the rich.
Let's create an educational system with:
- no distinction between university and high school, students just go as fast as they can to what they really want without stupid university entry exams
- fully open source learning material
- on-demand examinations that anyone can easily take without prerequisites
- granular entry selection only for space in specific laboratories or participation in specific novel research projects
I offer:
- online private tutoring for:
- any STEM university course
- passionate younger STEM students (any age) who want to learn university level material and beyond. Can your kid be the next Fields Medalist or Nobel Prize winner? I'm here to help, especially if you are filthy rich! I focus moving students forward as fast as they want on and on producing useful novel tutorials and results
Let your child be my Emile, and me be their Adolfo Amidei, and let's see how far they can go! I will help take your child:and achieve their ambitious STEM goals!- into the best universities
- into the best PhD programs
- educational consulting for institutions looking to improve their STEM courses
- do you know that course or teacher that consistently gets bad reviews every year? I'll work with the teacher to turn the problem around!
- are you looking to create a consistent open educational resources offering to increase your institutions internationally visibility? I can help with that too.
My approach is to:For minors, parents are welcome to join video calls, and all interactions with the student will be recorded and made available to parents.
- propose interesting research projects. The starting point is always deciding the end goal: Section "Backward design"
- learn what is needed to do the project together with the student(s)
- publish any novel results or tutorials/tools produced freely licensed online, and encourage the student to do the same (Section "Let students learn by teaching", digital garden)
I have a proven track of explaining complex concepts in an interesting and useful way. I work for the learner. Teaching statement at: Section "How to teach". Pricing to be discussed. Contact details at: Section "How to contact Ciro Santilli".
I am particularly excited about pointing people to the potential next big things, my top picks these days are:I am also generally interested in:
- 20th century physics, notably AMO and condensed matter
- the history of science, and in particular trying to look at seminal papers of a field
Ciro Santilli's amazing Stack Overflow profile
. Ciro contributes almost exclusively by answering question he Googles into out of his own need, and never by refreshing the newest question of big tags for low hanging fruit! More information at: Section "Ciro Santilli's Stack Overflow contributions".
Ciro Santilli's Stack Overflow stats
. Further methodology details at: Figure "Ciro Santilli's Stack Overflow stats".Introduction to the OurBigBook Project
. Source. OurBigBook Web topics demo
. Source. The OurBigBook topic feature allows users to "merge their minds" in a "sort by upvote"-stack overflow-like manner for each subject. This is the killer feature of OurBigBook Web. More information at: docs.ourbigbook.com/ourbigbook-web-topics.OurBigBook dynamic article tree demo
. Source. The OurBigBook dynamic tree feature allows any of your headers to be the toplevel h1 header of a page, while still displaying its descendants. SEO loves this, and it also allows users to always get their content on the correct granularity. More information at: docs.ourbigbook.com/ourbigbook-web-dynamic-article-tree.OurBigBook local editing and publishing demo
. Source. With OurBigBook you can store your content as plaintext files in a Lightweight markup, and then publish that to either OurBigBook.com to get awesome multi-user features, or as a static website where you are in full control. More information at: docs.ourbigbook.com/publish-your-content.Top Down 2D continuous game with Urho3D C++ SDL and Box2D for Reinforcement learning by Ciro Santilli (2018)
Source. More information: Section "Ciro's 2D reinforcement learning games". This is Ciro's underwhelming stab at the fundamental question: Can AGI be trained in simulations?. This project could be taken much further.
My Bitcoin inscription museum by Ciro Santilli
. Source. Introductory video to Section "Cool data embedded in the Bitcoin blockchain". -------------------------------------
| Force of Will 3 U U |
| --------------------------------- |
| | //////////// | |
| | ////() ()\////\ | |
| | ///_\ (--) \///\ | |
| | ) //// \_____///\\ | |
| | ) \ / / / / | |
| | ) / \ | | / _/ | |
| | ) \ ( ( / / / / \ | |
| | / ) ( ) / ( )/( ) \ | |
| | \(_)/(_)/ /UUUU \ \\\/ | | |
| .---------------------------------. |
| Interrupt |
| ,---------------------------------, |
| | You may pay 1 life and remove a | |
| | blue card in your hand from the | |
| | game instead of paying Force of | |
| | Will's casting cost. Effects | |
| | that prevent or redirect damage | |
| | cannot be used to counter this | |
| | loss of life. | |
| | Counter target spell. | |
| `---------------------------------` |
| l
| Illus. Terese Nelsen |
-------------------------------------Code 1. .
Artist unknown, uploaded December 2014. Part of Section "Cool data embedded in the Bitcoin blockchain" where Ciro Santilli maintains a curated list of such interesting inscriptions.
This was a small project done by Ciro for artistic purposes that received some attention due to the incredible hype surrounding cryptocurrencies at the time. Ciro Santilli's views on cryptocurrencies are summarized at: Section "Are cryptocurrencies useful?".
YellowRobot.jpgJPG image fully embedded in the Bitcoin blockchain depicting some kind of cut material art depicting a yellow robot, inscribed on January 29, 2017.
Ciro Santilli found this image and others during his research for Section "Cool data embedded in the Bitcoin blockchain" by searching for image fingerprints on every transaction payload of the blockchain with a script.
The image was uploaded by EMBII, co-creator of the AtomSea & EMBII upload mechanism, which was responsible for a large part of the image inscriptions in the Bitcoin blockchain.
The associated message reads:This is one of Ciro Santilli's favorite AtomSea & EMBII uploads, as it perfectly encapsules the "medium as an art form" approach to blockchain art, where even non-novel works can be recontextualized into something interesting, here depicting an opposition between the ephemeral and the immutable.
Chiharu [EMBII's Japanese wife] and I found this little yellow robot while exploring Chicago. It will be covered by tar or eventually removed but this tribute will remain. N 41.880778 E -87.629210
At twitter.com/EMBII4U/status/1615389973343268871 EMBII announced that he would be giving off shares of that image on Sup!?, a Bitcoin-backed NFT system he was; making. In December 2023, he gave some shares of the robot to Ciro Santilli.
2010 Wayback Machine archive of starwarsweb.net
. This website was used as one of the CIA 2010 covert communication websites, a covert system the CIA used to communicate with its assets. More details at: Section "CIA 2010 covert communication websites".
Ciro Santilli had some naughty OSINT fun finding some of the websites of this defunct network in 2023 after he heard about the 2022 Reuters report on the matter, which for the first time gave away 7 concrete websites out of a claimed 885 total found. As of November 2023, Ciro had found about 350 of them.
2010 Wayback Machine archive of noticiasmusica.net
. This is another website that was used as one of the CIA 2010 covert communication websites. This website is written in Brazilian Portuguese, and therefore suggests that the CIA had assets in Brazil at the time, and thus was spying on a "fellow democracy".
Although Snowden's revelations made it extremely obvious to the world that the USA spies upon everyone outside of the Five Eyes, including fellow democracies, it is rare to have such a direct a concrete proof of it visible live right on the Wayback Machine. Other targeted democracies include France, Germany, Italy and Spain. More details at: USA spying on its own allies.
Diagram of the fundamental theorem on homomorphisms by Ciro Santilli (2020)
Shows the relationship between group homomorphisms and normal subgroups.
Used in the Stack Exchange answer to What is the intuition behind normal subgroups? One of Section "The best articles by Ciro Santilli".
Spacetime diagram illustrating how faster-than-light travel implies time travel by Ciro Santilli (2021)
Used in the Stack Exchange ansewr to Does faster than light travel imply travelling back in time?. One of Section "The best articles by Ciro Santilli".
Average insertion time into heaps, binary search tree and hash maps of the C++ standard library by Ciro Santilli (2015)
Source. Used in the Stack Overflow answer to Heap vs Binary Search Tree (BST). One of Section "The best articles by Ciro Santilli".
Top view of an open Oxford Nanopore MinION
. Source. This is Ciro Santilli's hand on the Wikipedia article: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_Nanopore_Technologies. He put it there after working a bit on Section "How to use an Oxford Nanopore MinION to extract DNA from river water and determine which bacteria live in it" :-) And he would love to document more experiments like that one Section "Videos of all key physics experiments", but opportunities are extremely rare.A quick 2D continuous AI game prototype for reinforcement learning written in Matter.js, you can view it on a separate page at cirosantilli.com/_raw/js/matterjs/examples.html#top-down-asdw-fixed-viewport. This is a for-fun-only prototype for Ciro's 2D reinforcement learning games, C++ or maybe Python (for the deep learning ecosystem) seems inevitable for a serious version of such a project. But it is cute how much you can do with a few lines of Matter.js!
HTML snippet:
<iframe src="_raw/js/matterjs/examples.html#top-down-asdw-fixed-viewport" width="1000" height="850"></iframe>This is a collection of cool data found in the Bitcoin blockchain using techniques mentioned at: Section "How to extract data from the Bitcoin blockchain". Notably, Ciro Santilli developed his own set of scripts at github.com/cirosantilli/bitcoin-inscription-indexer to find some of this data. This article is based on data analyzed up to around block 831k (February 2024).
Drop some Bitcoins at 3KRk7f2JgekF6x7QBqPHdZ3pPDuMdY3eWR if you are loaded and like this article in order to support some much needed higher educational reform: Section "Sponsor Ciro Santilli's work on OurBigBook.com".
When this kind of non-financial data is embedded into a blockchain some people called an "inscription". The study or "early" inscriptions had been called a form of "archaeology"[ref][ref]. Since this is a collection of archeological artifacts, we call it a "museum"!
My Bitcoin inscription museum by Ciro Santilli
. Source. Introductory video to this article. Edited from Aratu Week 2024 Talk by Ciro Santilli: My Best Random Projects.One really cool thing about inscriptions is that because blockchains are huge Merkle trees, it is impossible to censor any one inscription without censoring the entire blockchain. It is also really cool to see people treating the Bitcoin blockchain basically like a global social media feed!
Starting on December 2022, ordinal ruleset inscriptions took the bitcoin blockchain by storm, and dwarfed in volume all other previous inscriptions. This museum focuses mostly on non-ordinals, though certain specific ordinal topics that especially interest he curators may be covered, e.g. Ordinal ruleset inscription porn and ordinal ASCII art inscription.
Hidden surprises in the Bitcoin blockchain by Ken Shirriff (2014) is a mandatory precursor to this article and contains the most interesting examples of the time. But much happened since Ken's article which we try to cover. This analysis is also a bit more data oriented through our usage of scripting.
Artifacts can be organized in various ways:In this article we've done a mixture of:Who said it was easy to be a museum curator!
- chronologically
- by media type, e.g. images vs text
- by themes or events, e.g. the Prayer wars or Mt. Gox' shutdown
- encoding, e.g. AtomSea & EMBII vs raw images
- themes: if multiple items fall in a theme, we tend to put it there first
- then by media type if they don't fit any specific theme
- then by encoding
- and finally chronologically within each section
A Quantitative Analysis of the Impact of Arbitrary Blockchain Content on Bitcoin by Matzutt et al. (2018) Updated 2025-02-22 +Created 1970-01-01
Semi-boring academic overview, but without reproducibility, or in a way that is too hidden for Ciro to have the patience to find it out.
Claims 1600 files found.
Mentions some upload mechanisms, notably AtomSea & EMBII and Satoshi uploader.
Other Bitcon analysis:
Analyses in other blockchains:
- Ethereum
- reidjs.medium.com/top-6-weird-innovative-and-hilarious-findings-in-the-ethereum-blockchain-83dbbca461ca Top 6 Weird, Innovative, and Hilarious findings in the Ethereum Blockchain by Reid Sherman (2018)
- "Annotated blockchain project"Does the same as this page, just that it is an uncomprehensible mess of broken links. But they have soe good ideas!
- etherpad.mit.edu/p/r.e33d2e7230fafc0612a0f2e7ebc87bae
- etherpad.mit.edu/p/r.19b7b3e2c5ea08a61cb0bef0aeb213fd image list (February 8, 2017) We tried going over it, but it is just too much work, the huge majority of the results are just AtomSea & EMBII so not that interesting.
- archive.ph/Zz7m5
- www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/5wax5v/a_group_is_working_on_building_a_fully_annotated/
- archive.4plebs.org/pol/thread/111742853/
Their main techniques seem to be:and:mkdir binout for file in blk*dat; do echo "$file"; binwalk --dd='.*' "$file" -C binout/. --log=binout/"$file""res.txt"; donewhich seem promising.mkdir subfileout for file in blk*dat; do mkdir subfileout/"$file"; done for file in blk*dat; do echo "$file"; hachoir-subfile --category=image,video,audio,container,archive,misc "$file" subfileout/"$file" > subfileout/"$file""subfile.txt"; doneThese are installable on Ubuntu 23.10 with:sudo apt install binwalk hachoirTODO how to they automatically map back to transaction IDs? There is a line "Script to add the TX ID to each file." Our attempts: Section "Get transaction id from position in dat file"
There was also a semi-mirror at bitfossil.com/, though they were not always in perfect sync for whatever reason.
The website shut down by EMBII on January 2025 for an undisclosed reason. He mentioned however that after the shutdown he started to like the idea of keeping it down forever due the ideology of not having official centralized services linked to his protocol.[ref][ref][ref]
Each page has an "abuse report" button to unindex presumably.
TODO website source code? Local indexer/extraction script?
Ciro Santilli's indexer and its generated index can be found at:
These are of course likely all made by AtomSea & EMBII themselves while developing/testing their upload system.
They are also artsy peoeple themselves, and as pointed at twitter.com/AllenVandever/status/1563964396656812034 what they were doing was basicaly non-fungible token art, which became much much more popular a few years later around 2021.
The first upload that we could find at github.com/cirosantilli/bitcoin-inscription-indexer/tree/3f53e152ec9bb0d070dbcb8f9249d92f89effa70#atomsea-index was tx 44e80475dc363de2c7ee17b286f8cd49eb146165a79968a62c1c2c4cf80772c9 on block 272573 (2013-12-01) but it does not show on Bitfossil: bitfossil.org/44e80475dc363de2c7ee17b286f8cd49eb146165a79968a62c1c2c4cf80772c9/. This is was due to an upload bug explained by the following entry. By looking at the ASCII data at github.com/cirosantilli/bitcoin-inscription-indexer/blob/master/data/out/0272.txt#L449 that this is meant to contain the same content as the following message: a quote from the Bhagavad Gita, so this is definitely a bugged version of the following one.
The next one is tx c9d1363ea517cd463950f83168ce8242ef917d99cd6518995bd1af927d335828 on block 272577 (2013-12-02). It actually shows on bifossil and it reads:followed by:The bug message is definitely a reference to the previous non-visible bugged upload bitfossil.org/4b72a223007eab8a951d43edc171befeabc7b5dca4213770c88e09ba5b936e17/, TODO understand exactly how they fucked up. This illustrates the beauty of the blockchain very well: unlike with version control, you don't just see selected snapshots: you see actual debug logs!!!
I WONDER WHAT HISTORY WILL THINK ABOUT THESE FIRST FEW BUGS...HA HA HA. NOBODY IS PERFECT.
He who regards
With an eye that is equal
Friends and comrades,
The foe and the kinsman,
The vile, the wicked,
The men who judge him,
And those who belong
To neither faction:
He is the greatest.
WeAreStarStuff.jpgThe third AtomSea & EMBII upload, and the first actual image.
Message:The image shows showingAtomSea and EMBII together, presumably photographed by this dude.
Photo etchin' test. #AtomSea #embii (photo by Travis Ehrich)
The filename is of course a reference to the quote/idea: We Are Made of Star-Stuff that was much popularized by Carl Sagan.
bitfossil.org/fac0b9a4f90414710b806fd286e020aea2404498946845ef3783f305dd4cd3a7 (2024-01-13) contains a cropped version with only AtomSea persent.
HugPuddle.jpgThe fourth AtomSea & EMBII upload, and the second image. Message:
HugPuddle Testing Apertus Disk Drive
And then finally we meet Chiharu, EMBII's partner, with her hair painted blond (she's Japanese): ILoveYouMore.jpg.
Then there are two undecoded ones TODO investigate:
Then Nelson-Mandela.jpg.
Then there's an approximation of pi as ASCII decimal fraction on tx 70fd289901bae0409f27237506c330588d917716944c6359a8711b0ad6b4ce76 from block 273522 (2013-12-07):
3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209749445923078164062862089986280348253421170679821480865132823066470938446095505822317253594081284811174502841027019385211055596446229489549303819644288109756659334461284756482337867831652712019091456485669234603486104543266482133936072602491412737245870066063155881748815209209628292540917153643678925903600113305305488204665213841469519415116094330572703657595919530921861173819326117931051185480744623799627495673518857527248912279381830119491298336733624406566430860213949463952247371907021798609437027705392171762931767523846748184676694051320005681271452635608277857713427577896091736371787214684409012249534301465495853710507922796892589235420199561121290219608640344181598136297747713099605187072113499999983729780499510597317328160963185950244594553469083026425223082533446850352619311881710100031378387528865875332083814206171776691473035982534904287554687311595628638823537875937519577818577805321712268066130019278766111959092164201989
tx b8b9f50a354166c46b69ecd47a0fbd20ee78c3471d2557bf275aff1b4cf4752d (2013-12-07, on bitfossil.org) contains Where the Sidewalk Ends by Shel Silverstein:
There is a place where the sidewalk ends
And before the street begins,
And there the grass grows soft and white,
And there the sun burns crimson bright,
And there the moon-bird rests from his flight
To cool in the peppermint wind.Let us leave this place where the smoke blows black
And the dark street winds and bends.
Past the pits where the asphalt flowers grow
We shall walk with a walk that is measured and slow,
And watch where the chalk-white arrowls go
To the place where the sidewalk ends.Yes we'll walk with a walk that is measured and slow,
And we'll go where the chalk-white arrows go,
For the children, they mark, and the children, they know
The place where the sidewalk ends.
tx 56768b30dec33bd284223d85c23087975e2360b3391d20d505aa59a5675e5379 (2013-12-13, on bitfossil.org):
Dear Aliens,Hey.Sincerely,
EMBII & AtomSea
tx 415c702759893c63b3a57a7d196b014e51b2a33d2396c74b8e71acfaff6b9360 (2013-12-14) contains a poem by 13th century Persian poet Rumi (TODO find bitfossil.org toplevel), starting with:Reproduced e.g. at: www.abuddhistlibrary.com/Buddhism/H%20-%20World%20Religions%20and%20Poetry/World%20Religions/Islam/Teachers/Rumi/My%20dear%20friend/Rumi%20-%20my%20dear%20friend.htm
My dear friend
never lose hope
when the Beloved
sends you away.
bitfossil.org/73ca50321147bac9010bec43d63f7f76857fe9ede240cc89710e28723fdb242f/ (2013-12-14) has message:and links to 3 .txt files
MULTIFILE SUPPORT TEST
1.txt, 2.txt, 3.txt containing single characters 1, 2, and 3.
CompressedLogo.png
. Source. 2013-12-20. Message:Possibly www.linkedin.com/in/colby-nelson-59b538207/.
Colby Nelson and myself burnt the midnight oils designing the APERTUS imagery last night....Thanks Colby for all your help.
Contains an Apertus logo which is used on bitfossil.org/ itself, presumably they were designing that logo.
Besides ASCII art, the huge majority of images is encoded with the AtomSea & EMBII system/format. All images in that system will be documented in that section.
tx e3e37ed5c1de2631c147bd39429e42ff634e95b7d72423bc32d6c6b9d8eef8ee (2014-07-01):
For my first official Journal entry I've decided to archive some old poetry. Here are a few of the computational poems I've created using cyphers.
Shiemaa&Vincent.jpgMessage:TODO identify Shiemaa and Vincent.
"Even if we tried to do it on purpose, never would have we succeeded." My beloved Vincent.
tx 36d0d77acd760f0aa549b6b314f0c1e9690baa6bcc2d0f07ea9f3167f4a5ec99, block 318836 (2014-09-03)Cost: ~0.002 BTC ~ $0.77 at the time.
Several other interesting uploads were also made around block 318836 (September 2014):
RedRaven.jpgbitfossil.org/e17b83234402d85f3a18207eec11bc5c4397f88aa880aae4fb7d15802806a971/index.htmEarth3Archive.jpgbitfossil.org/ae8d3b46b934bedc363e11abe8c8607171994470957c286274f699a0b3a9bbd7/index.htmSkyEarth5Archive.jpgbitfossil.org/ae8d3b46b934bedc363e11abe8c8607171994470957c286274f699a0b3a9bbd7/index.htm
BikeLady.jpgBike Lady by Allen Lee Vandever. tx 2c4b9497af8c0c0eb9383357b40c3de33dba0b4f481099a32719f2b9036da8e7, block 319927 (2014-09-10)
This seems to be a novel work uploaded by its creator artist Allen Vandever according to EMBII.[ref].
Arecibo_message.svgArecibo message on tx c6d2e535cd2ba4659e954a61198c66fd98c60f6475cf8ff92a404f3fe3a16c4b, block 337874 (2015-01-07)
An "artificially" colored visualization of the Arecibo message ripped from Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arecibo_message.svg (with attribution).
The cool thing about this image is that it highlights the striking parallels between the encoding of the Arecibo message with crypto graffiti, because in both cases people were creating undocumented new ways of communicating with strangers on a new medium in those early blockchain days.
The associated message contains the Arecibo message as ASCII 0's and 1's. When properly cut at the newlines, they draw the message as ASCII art, as the original Arecibo encoding intends, here's a version with the 0's replaced by spaces to make it more readabale:
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 11 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
11
11 1
11 1
1 1 1
11111
11 111 11 11
1 11 1
11 1 11 11 11 1
11111 11111 11111 11111
1 1
1 1
11111 11111
11 11 111 11
1 1 1
11 1 11 111 11 1
11111 11111 11111 11111
1 11 1
11
1 11 1
11111 11 11111
11
1 1 1
1 11 1
11 11 1
11 1 11
11 11
11 1 11
11 11 1
1 1 1
1 11 1
1 11 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 11
11 11
1 111 1 11
1 1
1 11111
1 1 111 1 1 11 11
1 111 1 111111
1 111 111 11 111
1 1 111 11
1 1 1 111111
1 1 1 11
1 11 11
111 1
111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
111 1 1 1 1
1 1
11111
111111111
111 111
11 11
11 1 1 11
11 11 11 11
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1
1 1 1
1111 11111 1 1111
He sleeps in a temple.jpg
PIA17563.jpg
. Source. Associated message:
NASA: A purple nebula, in honor of #Prince, who passed away today. Image: Crab #Nebula, as Seen by Herschel and #Hubble Image credit: ESA/Herschel/PACS/MESS Key Programme Supernova Remnant Team; #NASA, ESA and Allison Loll/Jeff Hester (Arizona State University) #PIA17563
Dr_Craig_Wright.jpg
. Source. Associated message:
The image is present e.g. at: www.kitguru.net/channel/jon-martindale/australian-man-claims-he-is-satoshi-nakamoto-bitcoin-creator/ It was inscribed about two months after Craig publicly claimed that he is Satoshi.
This is a relatively unusual AtomSea & EMBII upload as it does not have the common toplevel transaction, everything, text + image fits into a single transaction. This is perhaps why the image is relatively low resolution to have a smaller size.
YellowRobot.jpgYellow Robot on tx 67b2facfd8160d4fa11b02829b6387d07537b57a7a24f19b029b2a5ae7b81830, block 450516 (2017-01-29)
Photography by EMBII, original art by TODO.
The associated message reads:This is one of Ciro's favorite AtomSea & EMBII uploads. This is the cutest thing ever, and perfectly encapsules the "medium as an artform" approach to blockchain art. More Chiharu stalking at: ILoveYouMore.jpg.
Chiharu and I found this little yellow robot while exploring Chicago. It will be covered by tar or eventually removed but this tribute will remain. N 41.880778 E -87.629210
At twitter.com/EMBII4U/status/1615389973343268871 EMBII announced that he would be giving off shares of that image on a Bitcoin-based NFT sale system he's making called Sup!?, and in December 2023 gave some shares to Ciro Santilli. Amen.
Other possibly novel EMBII street photography:
- bitfossil.com/f2efd446475ad58a3ea808cc0f05a63c55cece9fced70d84799a1ffce5d307e4/index.htm "I will not Stop until the Finite becomes the Infinite."
Audio:
alien.wavblock 318638 bitfossil.org/a3a24d6ea01ce481a50346818b8977220687f3ba385838fe8894ce61c9718bbc/OneGiantLeapForMankind.mp3at tx 4f5b25fa8021c67235423930580e69121aa0d2c2bb779f75139bf442f8dc7297 EMBII-indexed at 743f3286b00fc96c13db4b16d5aead8a1e059fee9ce775b1761be9be5bdc2501 and then indexed at: 0427ec598df38b7d7dc75721316c0bbdec54de4871e11aff8ea64f3717c07efbThe toplevel index does appear on Bitfossil: bitfossil.org/0427ec598df38b7d7dc75721316c0bbdec54de4871e11aff8ea64f3717c07efb/index.htm but the audio is not there as it was for Spock below, maybe a bug on upload/Bitfossil?Spock_Live_Long_And_Prosper.mp3block 345858 bitfossil.org/1bc87dbff1ff5831287f62ac7cf95579794e4386688479bab66174963f9a4a0c/index.htm. Audio of Mr. Spock saying the Vulcan salute.OuterSpace.mp3block 409471 bitfossil.org/c14c1bd862bab6269052bf0a2cda7a35940d7a2d9c3415d4fb8fb8dcb9394fae/ "Outer Space by embii 4MB Large file storage test Apertus 0.3.5-beta" OMG, I don't want to calculate how much it cost to upload this, it will make me sad.At twitter.com/EMBII4U/status/1655969645927563266 EMBII mentions that this inscription, made by him, is the largest inscription he knows of.TODO song composer/performer?- bitfossil.com/c2b170ff450f4529dfbd784e0cf5cdddaca494e67a243dd846c0a9450a5558af/ (2021-03-13) contains
Seikilos.mid, a MIDI file
Interesting text:
- block 273522 bitfossil.org/70fd289901bae0409f27237506c330588d917716944c6359a8711b0ad6b4ce76/index.htm pi to 1000+ decimal digits:
- bitfossil.org/8522787e7e49f3f3b6a9f9e86bc30336d26a3acbaecc93809d2e8b4bb1c4d611/ "Antarctic Ice Cores Revised 800KYr CO2 Data" evidence for global warming
- bitfossil.org/ffa6893a70bcde9b940df9823e0f597f0b6cff964c78473c77db838655e1aeb5/ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laudato_si', global warming related
HTML pages:
- block 335290 bitfossil.org/0166db6053f1969c28de8b1f9a8fa4ec890cc4bdfee7602757993b306bb7f295/ JavaScript animated timer clock counting down until the start of the next year
- block 340379 bitfossil.org/062990d54045a9c316110fb713009d1313b2f64c4b216d66891c7284d6c1ca0e/ links to bitfossil.org/062990d54045a9c316110fb713009d1313b2f64c4b216d66891c7284d6c1ca0e/bong-ball.html and has a working JavaScript Pong
- block 328445
tom-signature.jpgbitfossil.org/daa050bf8ac22752e40412c9265b4533f68ab8e6ed26d2db1eeee6710e7d9e4b/index.htm Unrendered HTML of:Likely an obituary for: Thomas L. Magliozzi. Images show fine though.- www.cartalk.com/content/tom-and-rays-bios-photos-2
- www.cartalk.com/content/rant-and-rave-36 "The New Theory of Learning" which agrees perfectly with backward design
- block 401648 bitfossil.com/31c5e5336512568e4a1deb4bbf0e57c3565c32094c0e1a118c48e7929ab49e35/bong-ball.html another one! This one is full-screen, and does not have JavaScript
alerts :-) - block 401657 bitfossil.org/03cb74f270d498302d4dd9cbe82c090d801c8840ab6cb26b71d862489b981db8/ has a JavaScript Pac-Man
The toplevel transaction is 78f0e6de0ce007f4dd4a09085e649d7e354f70bc7da06d697b167f353f115b8e
Like all AtomSea & EMBII uploads, the data it is encoded as P2FKH.
The full concatenated payload contains the following ASCII characters:
8881a937a437ff6ce83be3a89d77ea88ee12315f37f7ef0dd3742c30eef92dba|396*8881a937a437ff6ce83be3a89d77ea88ee12315f37f7ef0dd3742c30eef92dba
575061146335bd57f2dc132112152d0eeea44cf187ea6a52ac02435a7e5bea44
674c7cc34ea44bb276c6caf76f2b28fa1597380ab6e6a6906076d8f7229ca5b3
8e2642416ad20924b43f51a633fa1c0a5ba8e4a7b631877db1c64540a42081c9
a3084018096b92af04df57b6116e01ff4b7c7e8bd228235ed49e23f4a2817029
39348722b841afa0c5b67e5af10839afe965ed1b24874e89336bea9fa4ef3091
tomSea & EMBIIOutput 2 is a change, so it contains no data and has been excluded. Change appear to be randomly placed in the list of output of the uploads, but they can be easily removed because they are the only output with a different value.
The newlines shown above are explicitly encoded as CR LF newlines with characters 0d 0a.
396 is the number of payload bytes between 396*8881a937a437ff6ce83be3a89d77ea88ee12315f37f7ef0dd3742c30eef92dba and the last txid 39348722b841afa0c5b67e5af10839afe965ed1b24874e89336bea9fa4ef3091, including newlines but exclusding the last line.The last line appears to contain arbitrary data to fill out the 20 byte payload granularity:
Ais missing fromAtomSea- there is a NUL character just after EMBII, possibly part of the protocol?
Now let's inspect the transactions linked to from toplevel.
tx 8881a937a437ff6ce83be3a89d77ea88ee12315f37f7ef0dd3742c30eef92dba contains only payloads without any change. It starts with the following UTF-8 string with CR LF spaces;
"396\“There is nothing like returning to a place
that remains unchanged to find the ways in
which you yourself have altered.”
-Nelson Mandela
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, politician and philanthropist who served as President of South Afrd۽^2c'︨`ica from 1994 to 1999. -Wikipedia
Born: July 18, 1918, Mvezo, South Africa
Died: December 5, 2013396 is once again the number of payload bytes present in that string.This is immediately followed without any separator by a filename, and another size marker:then followed by all the
Nelson-Mandela.jpg?14400/14400 - len(Nelson-Mandela.jpg?) + len(/) JPEG bytes bytes, starting with the two JPEG file signature byte "FF D8".Further toplevel transaction payloads are then simply concatenated with the previous ones, until the last bytes of the image "FF D9" appears at the end of the payload.padded once again by an
00000430 d2 81 de 80 0c 52 f1 40 ea 29 68 03 ff d9 6f 6d |.....R.@.)h...om|
00000440 53 65 61 20 26 20 45 4d 42 49 49 00 |Sea & EMBII.|AtomSea & EMBII string fragment terminated by a NUL character.Ordinals are inscriptions created with the protocol described at: docs.ordinals.com/inscriptions.html The protocol was designed by developer Casey Rodarmor, and shares a few similarities with the AtomSea & EMBII protocol.
The protocol also includes a way to have ownership over inscriptions, effectively creating an NFT system on top of the bitcoin blockchain. AtomSea & EMBII also already had such a system however. In either case, Ciro Santilli couldn't give less of a fuck about who owns some random publicly viewable digital asset.
For whatever reason, orinals became extremelly popular compared to the AtomSea & EMBII format, leading to millions os inscriptions, and 10k+ images as of block 830k. They also started to take up a substatial portion of the available block space.
This in turn led to a lot of child porn rediscussion, and people linking back to this page to view earlier inscriptions: incoming links.
Unfortunately, unlike AtomSea & EMBII and even cryptograffiti.info uploads, most ordinals are designed to be just souless bulk collectibles, as with as much artistic merit as any random collectible card set or postage stamps you may find at a newpaper stall. To make things worse many of them are likely algorithmically generated. Eternal September had truly arrived to the Bitcoin blockchain. As a result, machine learning would be almost essential in order to find interesting uploads amidst such bulk.
The source code for the reference uploader and indexer is at: github.com/ordinals/ord
The reference viewer server for the runs at: ordinals.com.
Ordinal #0
. This is the first ordinal ruleset inscription: ordinals.com/inscription/6fb976ab49dcec017f1e201e84395983204ae1a7c2abf7ced0a85d692e442799i0. It was made on block 767430 (2022-12-14).The
i0 at the end of the URL above means "inscription 0". This is because a single transaction can have multiple inscriptions.Some of them have sold for high prices. Magic Eden is a popular interface for trading them:
- 2023-12-08: #8 was sold dor 10.4 BTC[ref] (~$450,000 at the time)
The ordinals also started taking up large portions of the Bitcoin blockchain:
Apparently the "Taproot" Bitcoin update made it easier to upload image-sized data once again, which had become prohibitively expensive 2023 and much earlier:
- protos.com/did-taproot-ruin-bitcoin-with-nft-inscriptions-of-monkey-jpegs/
- ordinals.com/ appears to index some types of ordinals
Bibliography:
- blocktelegraph.io/parent-child-bitcoin-inscriptions/ parent-child relationshipsi are possible between two ordinals
- ordinals.com/
- bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/117018/understanding-how-ordinals-work-with-the-bitcoin-blockchain-what-is-exactly-sto
- bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/118405/read-ordinal-transaction-data
- bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/118247/can-someone-explain-the-byte-composition-of-an-inscription-reveal-transaction
- nftnow.com/guides/bitcoin-nfts-most-notable-ordinals-inscriptions/
In this section contains a list of images we could find that wre uploaded as raw data to the blockchain, without any special encoding, e.g. as done by the AtomSea & EMBII system.
It is possible that some/most of those were uploaded via the cryptograffiti.info system, but since that indexer stopped working, and since the format is so non-specific, it is not possible be sure as far as we can tell.
These images were indexed by looking for standard transaction output script hashes that contain JPEG or PNG images immediately on the first payload byte based on file signature bytes and indexed/easily downloaded at github.com/cirosantilli/bitcoin-inscription-indexer#image-indexing-and-download.
western-union-bitcoin-spoof.jpg.gz
. 200f3f6f8a91ae438d1924e5cedca98cea7f0197b9eba11343948b5621ca19ed, block 331804 (2014-11-27) JPEG in Gzip as a single input script constant.
This ad highlights one of the claimed potential advantages of Bitcoin: cheaper/faster cross border transactions.
This inscription is highlighted at Data Insertion in Bitcoin's Blockchain by Andrew Sward, Vecna OP_0 and Forrest Stonedahl. Finding Gzips with binwalk is hard because the file signature is only 2 bytes long (1F 8B), so there are lots of false positives.
Gzip binary uploaded at: raw.githubusercontent.com/cirosantilli/media/master/bitcoin-inscription-indexer/data/bin/200f3f6f8a91ae438d1924e5cedca98cea7f0197b9eba11343948b5621ca19ed.jpg.gz gunzip 1.12 complains:but we were not able to fix that: removing bytes at the end goes straight from "trailing garbage" to "incomplete file" after a certain byte.
western-union-bitcoin-spoof.jpg.gz: decompression OK, trailing garbage ignored
The Economist logo
. tx b70bfe6a9b314611655554576feb11f15d47b9e80c5993e91829bb87895ef23c, block 355899 (2015-05-11). PNG inscribed as a Daisy chain Bitcoin inscription using OP_RETURN.
The daisy then follows up to the Figure 3. "City of London School logo", which therefore must be by the same uploader..
tx 6ab2f3dbff0ebd856f6cf0360fc7db987f8789508dfdefdcc1f9e2aacf9ac0de, block 355901(2015-05-11). PNG inscribed as a Daisy chain Bitcoin inscription using OP_RETURN.
This image is encoded on the very same daisy chain as Figure 2. "The Economist logo", immediately afterwards.
Furthermore, we understand that they used the following convention to "split them up":
- paylout in vout 0: continue image
- payload in vout 1: end of image
The transactions leading up to b70bfe6a9b314611655554576feb11f15d47b9e80c5993e91829bb87895ef23c contain multiple text daisy inscriptions that show up on our text dumps at: github.com/cirosantilli/bitcoin-inscription-indexer/blob/e716e317b703e1bad63edf5064f90f5e80c5aaf5/data/out/0355.txt#L635
- 5256d3059520c9ecda22bcf17776adcc962a5ae90333efbb00cf45818e9bf0bb:then a quote from bitcoin.org/en/faq (archive):
You're poo you're papa, says WeeWaWeeWa
then:Bitcoin is the first implementation of a concept called "cryptocurrency", which was first described in 1998 by Wei Dai on the cypherpunks mailing list, suggesting the idea of a new form of money that uses cryptography to control its creation and transactions, rather than a central authority. The first Bitcoin specification and proof of concept was published in 2009 in a cryptography mailing list by Satoshi Nakamoto. Satoshi left the project in late 2010 without revealing much about himself. The community has since grown exponentially with many developers working on Bitcoin.
And now, via JSON-RPC!
- d6b006f3cd9b545d5015263e954dae7c52c71bb5f4a0573918ff0e1ce8785de4 contains another quote from bitcoin.org/en/faq (archive):followed by:
Much of the trust in Bitcoin comes from the fact that it requires no trust at all. Bitcoin is fully open-source and decentralized. This means that anyone has access to the entire source code at any time. Any developer in the world can therefore verify exactly how Bitcoin works. All transactions and bitcoins issued into existence can be transparently consulted in real-time by anyone. All payments can be made without reliance on a third party and the whole system is protected by heavily peer-reviewed cryptographic algorithms like those used for online banking. No organization or individual can control Bitcoin, and the network remains secure even if not all of its users can be trusted.
One day this will be for general storage
- d9450fbd228d7a19d08f700d43200184b0d46561ffd7eb9ddbb378435ec66789 says:These inscriptions were made right in the midst of the protests against larger block sizes.
Let's agree on 5MB blocks and move on?
- a689707f77882eb5a3b1954747f159b1c22b688a57ec17b4d636b7f94e451e3dthen the intro from bitcoin.org/en/ (archive):
a single piece of data
then:Bitcoin uses peer-to-peer technology to operate with no central authority or banks; managing transactions and the issuing of bitcoins is carried out collectively by the network.
It's my cake day. I pressed the button. I have no regrets. Just stick it on the blockchain
Parents daisy more text visible on our text dumps: www.blockchain.com/explorer/transactions/btc/b70bfe6a9b314611655554576feb11f15d47b9e80c5993e91829bb87895ef23c
Super Mario coin sprite
. tx bf7ef3216ae09f8252c76e7d0031bc4aa131a23a6900f8371c44ffde7957c8da (2015-03-01). Possibly from Super Mario World for the SNES (1990). No doubt a self-reference to Bitcoin itself. Encoded as a data URL for a PNG image:<img src="data:image/png;base64,
JPG thumbnail
. Presumably a JPEG upload test. tx 515a95381e511141229966d722db19db7da66a0d629b1f883d296287632e72b3, block 349362 (2015-03-26) via cryptograffiti.info.
we love bitcoin
. A heart next to a bitcoin logo and written "we love bitcoin". Reproduced at: kryptomoney.com/grayscale-report-institutional-investors-retirement-funds-love-bitcoin/
Embedded in the image itself, there's a message in the header comments:which is the opening paragraph of: bitcoin.org/en/
Bitcoin uses peer-to-peer technology to operate with no central authority or banks
Iranian lady with polar bear hat.
tx b673c7d0c62cce8315ad6cc63a2c8ca8169bf73432435760b808735e1a7fe0e2, block 401255 (2016-03-05). JPEG encoded with daisy chain Bitcoin inscription using OP_RETURN.
We don't know if she's actually Iranian, it's just an uneducated guess.
The image data is cut in half. This makes the image an invalid JPEG, but ImageMagick is able to recover and convert to a valid image which is what we show here to make it portable to more browsers. The raw invalid image is present at: raw.githubusercontent.com/cirosantilli/media/master/bitcoin-inscription-indexer/data/bin/b673c7d0c62cce8315ad6cc63a2c8ca8169bf73432435760b808735e1a7fe0e2.jpg, but it can also be generally viewed by most viewers.
This embedding uses a novel more specialiezd protocol on top of a raw daisy chain Bitcoin inscription.
The daisy actually starts at f49e79889b34d355fa8a02f13b9db4ed69c067f975e25339737ef10e4b993d7a and data is encoded as follows:
OP_RETURN 62 00000000 48656c6c6f20776f726c64212052657475726e20626c6f622070726f746f636f6c2076
OP_RETURN 62 00000001 313a204d41474943203d20307836322c205041434b414745203d2075696e7431362c20
OP_RETURN 62 00000002 53455155454e4345203d2075696e7431362c205041594c4f4144203d20757020746f20
OP_RETURN 62 00000000 48656c6c6f20776f726c64212052657475726e20626c6f622070726f746f636f6c2076
OP_RETURN 62 00000001 313a204d41474943203d20307836322c205041434b414745203d2075696e7431362c20
OP_RETURN 62 00000002 53455155454e4345203d2075696e7431362c205041594c4f4144203d20757020746f20
OP_RETURN 62 00000003 33352062797465732e0a
OP_RETURN 62 00010000 ffd8ffe1001845786966000049492a00080000000000000000000000ffec0011447563
OP_RETURN 62 00010001 6b79000100040000003c0000ffe1039a687474703a2f2f6e732e61646f62652e636f6d
OP_RETURN 62 00010002 2f7861702f312e302f003c3f787061636b657420626567696e3d22efbbbf222069643d
OP_RETURN 62 00010003 2257354d304d7043656869487a7265537a4e54637a6b633964223f3e203c783a786d70
...
OP_RETURN 62 00010085 51290358a41fe5408b4435254208d4810a5fe9113044c1ae3aa544656d729756395b87
OP_RETURN 62 00010086 c4e261f55c5d19e1c792c3f78adff1368db58e5a0bb85b2c6753c42de6d973edae0642
OP_RETURN 62 00010087 1b2c8370f203aaa0a6eb7ea0871d8e9ae6534b785b57347171e4df6a5463d7ce77b93b
OP_RETURN 62 00010088 9b8bf96edd1b982e2474a41ad28e3c01e74586d1d1ad7a874c5a1b7c742d2285c371f6The first block is:which then gets repeated, probably an error, but now with the sentence completed:This therefore gives us the name of the protocol as "return blob protocol". We also understand that the 0x62 was aconfiguration parameter.
Hello world! Return blob protocol v1: MAGIC = 0x62, PACKAGE = uint16, SEQUENCE = uint16, PAYLOAD = up to
Hello world! Return blob protocol v1: MAGIC = 0x62, PACKAGE = uint16, SEQUENCE = uint16, PAYLOAD = up to 35 bytes
ffd8ffe1 marks the start of the JPEG.If the rest of the image were inscribed somewhere random in the blockchain, we'd expect to find the string
6200010089 containing the netxt data chunck on a nearby block, but bgrep did not find it, so perhaps the data just isn't there.The last tx of the daisy is 43b182065ab2c7d1908ec3cee756d9f626c1e4bd1efa17a7c3993433b653d499 which is followed by 9e6838a3545bd59a708d0c177d6840c7d82b8ac6220138ca3d8133a1376405aa which does not contain any data.
Erich Erstu
. Alias: 1Hyena. A well built man wearing a gas mask. Google image search leads to: github.com/1Hyena (archive), who is the creator of cryptograffiti.info. It was around after this time that the number of raw images surged dramatically in the blockchain, so it is possible that this is when the service started operating. This further suggests that most raw image uploads we found were made with cryptograffiti.info. tx c206e8fff656f07b27dac831ef9b956792bae4e76a2cb43f14f49f0298bf2c2f, block 416527 (2016-06-16). Embedded text:Hyena was here on the 16th of June 2016.
Hi mom! I love you.
Water Deer
. badtaxidermy.com "Water Deer" image, visible at: web.archive.org/web/20200527070011/http://www.badtaxidermy.com/?page=3. tx 357e8ae080e5a1b554eaec2953e3e6e2e7955f3af4559dd0f1bc6381d56aa183, block 416735 (2016-06-16) via cryptograffiti.info. The file contains the strings:www.badtaxidermy.com
Cryptograffiti.info now allows you to attach JPEG images to your messages.
hotmine.io
. A mining supplier: hotmine.io/en. twitter.com/uahotmine. tx 8ec01c5e8f3b57adb13079af3b7e40e7acd3986a5ed14325388405771bd43f9b, block 416835 (2016-06-18) via cryptograffiti.info. The file contains the following string embedded into it:Smart Heating, Bitcoin Mining For You - en.hotmine.io
Nada from They Live (1988)
. tx 83df1e5ecc1c7ac455d2855e15cff8fa5771afe2ad1796c8b6b1a8e910e829c4, block 416896 (2016-06-18) via cryptograffiti.info. The file has the following string embedded into it:which is a reference to Nada's original dialogue:
I have come here to chew bubble gum and dance on Ethereum's grave.And I'm all out of bubble gum.
I have come here to chew bubblegum and kick ass... and I'm all out of bubblegum.
Cryptocurrenty Minning ad
. Twitter "@dobcrypto": twitter.com/dobcrypto Reuploaded at: imgur.com/gallery/00oOuhm. tx eda07af9584391bb6f5ebb07ba57a51b610751fdf06ae49d9166225c36d97d0b, block 417111 (2016-06-20) via cryptograffiti.info. The file contains the following string:Subscribe, I will be glad to see you! www.youtube.com/c/dobcryptocurrency
Chinese wedding
. tx 609d5e0f968c0ab7abc2be21468cfd552483d38b08e6df23d27766eb61b9be3c, block 417131 (2016-06-20) via cryptograffiti.info.
A white man and a Chinese woman wearing Chinese traditional dressess holding hands, presumably a token from their wedding. A Chinese poem is visible next to them, with four vertical setences made up of 7 characters each, to be read from right to left. This is a classic Classical Chinese poetry form known as qijue.
A photo of a snowy mountain is shown in the background, fitting the theme of the poem. It looks like an European mountain, possibly Mont Blanc? TODO identify. Perhaps a reference to the nationality of the husband.
TODO transcribe the Chinese text, cursive grass script + traditional characters + ultra-low res put this beyond Ciro Santilli's capabilities/patience ratio. Ciro Santilli's wife's transcribed gave the first column as:and no Google hits, so maybe an original poem? What a hero. TODO transcribe the rest.
丹珍默然藏山中
A scarlet gemstone hides quietly in the midst of the mountains.
The image file contains the English transalation of the Chinese poem embeded into it:
A scarlet gemstone hides quietly in the midst of the mountains.
Its beauty softly enters the wanderer's dreams.
Fame and fortune become like drifting clouds
But the gem endures like the constellations above.
Superbuffo
. Googling gives a Toni Caradonna: twitter.com/superbuffo. At twitter.com/Superbuffo/status/1620900765014556672 that twitter account claimed the art or its depiction. www.imdb.com/name/nm9516368/ has some obscure references to him. tx 6240f61bbaeac66cd623e921a153addaf5f379a996f2de0f0c6506d628fe3812, block 417354 (2016-06-21) via cryptograffiti.info. The file contains the following string embedded into it, in addition to a lot of Adobe boilerplate:Superbuffo the first comedian on the blockchain
Rene Angelil and Celine Dion
. Reproduced at: web.archive.org/web/20191130174338/https://people.com/celebrity/inside-celine-dion-and-rene-angelils-21-year-marriage/ but cropped to faces. tx e2e5b9cf04d93ae5fc1b54e9208b92b668823e014b251f57510e4702661fa1a6, block 417272 (2016-06-21) via cryptograffiti.info. Embedded text:You will be here forever
New Age dance
. Woman dancing a New Age-like dance with New Age-like Indian looking clothes, holding a lamp, and with a rose on her hair. TODO identify. tx 0602dd1b375bc71818db0a40d7a14f438499af3eda9056125eb5a1b74bed790b, block 419676 (2016-07-07) via cryptograffiti.info. The image contains the following text embedded into it (TODO unknown mechanism, does not show up on exifTool:No alcohol and smoking since 07.07.2016. Love girls!
Snake penetration sculputure
. Sculpture of what seems to be a snake penetrating a vagina. tx 83f412eb7ff40fe542901186a6d37cba0eb4f8458c574bc02a6f7236c599fe07, block 420122 (2016-07-10) via cryptograffiti.info.
Wedding invitation
. TODO: make out names, quite low res, no patience. Looks like Cyrillic script. tx 01c3af71c12d49260231dcb3cc86d6ff21b3cd90878e9556482ef3b0908abffe, block 420960 (2016-07-16) via cryptograffiti.info.
Bitcoin love certificate
. Hard to make out due to ultra-low-res, and in Cyrillic script. Contains three dates: 8.02.1982, 16.07.1992 and 17.07.2016. tx 075d1c78883ccb237b374c7ed7f9ff0f90df3308c48f9e7a29348b815326b769, block 421151 (2016-07-17) via cryptograffiti.info. The file contains the following text embedded into it:Wedding Wallled 15Nz214yv76BmkKLCi8kAVssa5C7nQHLjx
Oles Slobodenyuk
. tx 10cc5d45396ba271659a4b00d2f70c433533227e5f7ea30bb5bd3c8563d7468a, Block 421280 (2016-07-18) via cryptograffiti.info
Wedding picture with people holding "Blockchain" and "Ipa" signs.
Reproduced at: web.archive.org/web/20200926150213/https://freebitcoins.com.ua/zapushhen-ukrainskij-bitkoin-pul-bitcoinukraine/ Google translate:
One of the initiators of the launch of this pool was Oles Slobodenyuk, who earlier created a grocery store in Kiev accepting bitcoins, arranged a TakeMyBitcoin flash mob, and also registered his own marriage in the bitcoin blockchain on the weddingbook.io website.
Oles is for example featured at: uk.sports.yahoo.com/news/bitcoin-miners-heating-homes-free-133053106.html Bitcoin Miners Are Heating Homes Free of Charge in Frigid Siberia by Anna Baydakova (2019)
The image file contains the following text embedded into it:The link is dead of course.
<Wedding date: Jul 17, 2016
proof link goo.gl/photos/2GToBx1WqRyiQtxQ6
2016, painting, 135.7 x 130.7 cm (18 DPI)
Hand written contract
. Wedding contract written in Czech. Transcription and translation by Petr Kadlec:Translation:Signatures:
Svým podpisem pod tímto textem potvrzuji, že Daniela Dudysová a Pavel Urbaczka v mé přítomnosti dne 20.8.2016 v Ropici projevili vůli uzavřít spolu manželství, přičemž ani jeden z těchto projevů se mi nejevil jako nesvobodný, nikoliv vážný, nesrozumitelný, omylný nebo uzavřený v tísni.
With my signature under this text, I confirm Daniela Dudysová and Pavel Urbaczka have, in my presence on 2016-08-20 in Ropice, expressed the will to enter marriage, whereas neither of their expressions seemed to me to be non-free, not serious, in error, or under distress.
Tereza (unreadable) Hana (unreadable) Jakub (unreadable) Radim Kozub (unreadable) (unreadable) Lenka (unreadable)
Petr also conjectures that Jakub may refer to Jakub Olšina from Blockchain Legal. Figure 23. "Wedding on grass" on the same block contains a image of a wedding, presumably the same of the contract. The photo of the man might be the same person as www.linkedin.com/in/olsinajakub/, but a bit younger.
Wedding on grass
. tx 693848d56098a0ad16736bea7f24336c9b47a7f0a6f776659e8d01f00b46af76, block 426072 (2016-08-20) via cryptograffiti.info.
The file contains the following text embedded into it:which is Czech for:So it is a followup to Figure 22. "Hand written contract".
Danila a Pavel se právě vzali!
Danila and Pavel just got married!
Onshape ad
. Ad for www.onshape.com/en/, an online CAD company:#CAD users all over the world are designing in the cloud! Join them by creating a #free Onshape account: hubs.ly/HO3vJ6tO. tx c0bb963cb3ceffc49059f09db94e3fd73caa3b7a8e005160d49e99020ff6b51a, block 426832 (2016-08-25) via cryptograffiti.info. Embedded text:@Onshape - The Future of Professional CAD
In Pepe We Trust
#BITCOINPEPE
Hello. Yes, this is dog
. knowyourmeme.com/memes/yes-this-is-dog. tx 4b0cd7e191ef0a14a9b6ab1c5900be534118c20a332ff26407648168d2722a2e, block 440418 (2016-11-24) via cryptograffiti.info.
Tuxedo and rose
. Black and white and intentionally blurred photo of couple, the woman wears a tuxedo, and the man holds a red rose/light-like thing in the middle. tx c67dca17d3e5544d8d2c70d143196e1c1438a09c7371b80086d0a71ec5aec3c8, block 453083 (2017-02-14) via cryptograffiti.info.
Couple on mountains
. Middle aged couple selfie in front of some mountains. tx 00a64f2ff9aae7a34c21d07b8fc9bad79989f25295ccbddc6fbe73b3685b65a9, block 456370 (2017-03-09) via cryptograffiti.info. The file contains the following Spanish poem, whch confirms that their Spanish looking faces are actually Spanish, perhaps they are at the Pyrenees:Entre tus brazos y los míos
no hay espacio, tan juntitos
estamos que los pensamientos
son uno.A veces somos casi dos desconocidos,
raros tan raros cómo distintos,
pero nos engañamos, tú lo sabes yo lo sé,
en realidad somos muy dentro
la misma verdad.Escondidos en tus ojitos
duermen mis sueños más hermosos,
cuándo los abres frente a mi
se despiertan alegres y rumbosos.
Between your arms and mine
there is no space, so close together
we are the thoughts
They are one.Sometimes we are almost two strangers,
strange as strange as they are different,
but we deceive ourselves, you know it, I know it,
actually we are very inside
the same truth.Hidden in your eyes
my most beautiful dreams sleep,
when do you open them in front of me
They wake up happy and cheerful.
tx ca4f11131eca6b4d61daf707a470cfccd1ef3d80a6f8b70f1f07616b451ca64e, block 458238 (2017-03-21) via cryptograffiti.info.
See also: Section "China".
Searching for the image hash ca4f11131eca6b4d61daf707a470cfccd1ef3d80a6f8b70f1f07616b451ca64e leads to archive.4plebs.org/pol/thread/191157608/#q191162145 which links to the now dead as of 2021: cryptograffiti.info/#ca4f11131eca6b4d61daf707a470cfccd1ef3d80a6f8b70f1f07616b451ca64e.jpg. But
Mr. Burns You're here forever
. Mr. Burns from The Simpsons showing a sign:Still from S06E13 of The Simpsons. A reference to the immutability of the blockchain.
Don't forget, you're here forever
This transaction is given at Data Insertion in Bitcoin's Blockchain by Andrew Sward, Vecna OP_0 and Forrest Stonedahl. We've decoded it with:TODO understand the encoding better. Our indexing scripts Bitcoin Inscription Indexer missed it because the image is encoded on starting on the second constant of the input script and not the first.
btc getrawtransaction 94e319d09fc236fb9d7a24e60af8f47ed41ca3cc01e9950c925d806153ed8aa3 true | jq -r '.vin[].scriptSig.asm' | sed -r 's/^[^ ]+ //' | sed -r 's/ [^ ]+$//' | tr -d '\n' | xxd -r -p > tmp.jpgThis was missed by binwalk because it does not index the valid JPEG signature "ffd8ffdb"... we should patch it... github.com/ReFirmLabs/binwalk/blob/cddfede795971045d99422bd7a9676c8803ec5ee/src/binwalk/magic/images#L107
Augustana College Old-Main.jpg
. First tx 1e347cf7521a1318ef31af4f5758efbc45f1bb2a7db9bc1cc469bfe93599eaf7 sets up 48 P2SH outputs and gives ASCII message
Augustana College Old-Main.jpg Reconstruct with data preceding redeemscripts
Then tx 033d185d1a04c4bd6de9bb23985f8c15aa46234206ad29101c31f4b33f1a0e49 redeems those with 48 input scripts that encode the image with ASCII message:
Augustana College Old-Main.jpg Reconstruct with data preceding redeemscripts
Encoded with Two-stage P2SH inscription. Mentioned at: Data Insertion in Bitcoin's Blockchain by Andrew Sward, Vecna OP_0 and Forrest Stonedahl. See also this ASCII art by the same authors: Code "Study Math and Computer Science at Augustana College". Previously mentioned at: twitter.com/ottosch_/status/1735297943563837726
PDF demo
. tx b4f537bc536c392d425af0693e3282bbf697df01debeeaf7f9918b93af6bdd14, block 474646 (2017-07-07) via cryptograffiti.info contains a single page 7.9 KB PDF sample file also present e.g. at: www.studocu.com/en-gb/document/harrow-college-uxbridge-college/assessing-risk-in-sport-unit/pdf-sample-its-nothing-dw/61244699. This image is a screenshot of the PDF made manually to make it easier to view here, the actual inscribed file has been uploaded to: raw.githubusercontent.com/cirosantilli/media/master/bitcoin-inscription-indexer/data/bin/b4f537bc536c392d425af0693e3282bbf697df01debeeaf7f9918b93af6bdd14.pdf. The first lines of the document read:Adobe Acrobat PDF FilesAdobe® Portable Document Format (PDF) is a universal file format that preserves all of the fonts, formatting, colours and graphics of any source document, regardless of the application and platform used to create it.
Cat manga
. TODO identify, transcribe japanese. tx 4986e9cd20b75bb534df92e60b232945e18274f4c46d25b8853af9bdda5166b8, block 581526 (2019-06-20).
Arms crossed
. Nerdy caucasian woman in her late teens/early 20's wearing glasses and a jeans jacked with her arms crossed. TODO identify. tx a55e5e7492848445a9f9ecf55ce566242c9d95e6c46a171fd94a345e8b74c355, block 597374 (2019-10-01) with P2FKH
Black cat
. No, Google reverse image search is never going to find the exact one amongst billions of pics. tx 8cf28eb9ac221d8cd15298b9ae63eca910b536a5234c133c7e364b29a4e39d21, block 625045 (2020-04-09) with P2FKH.
Teddy bear
. tx 546124c6ad55acc6e0cd00a66fbd29e9b7df5fe8505e2ebf8470bb44aa35bc16, block 654100 (2020-10-24) with P2FKH. Cost: ~0.002 BTC ~ $25.77 at the time. Transaction made up of 339 * 550 SAT outputs.
The Starry Night by van Gogh
. tx 225ed8bc432d37cf434f80717286fd5671f676f12b573294db72a2a8f9b1e7ba, block 685647 (2021-05-31) Stored on SegWit. Googling leads to this hit: github.com/aureleoules/bitcandle by French programmer Aurèle Oulès which is an obscure uploader not known to us before this transaction was found.
tx 8dc2785335c59df6c00257f9b20e5df9b932a717f97066b279e292faba71a67a on block 685737 contains another one, but with a slightly different encoding, presumably Aureole was trying out different things.
Kitchen mirror selfie in swimming glasses
. tx 3110f49fb6047d62e6fa198a0a4b180d9abf7075d6f29472747990ae286295cb, block 690497 (2021-07-10). JPEG using P2FMS
This P2FMS has the peculiarity that each payload constant is preceded by a
04 byte which must be thrown away, we've decoded it manually with:bitcoin-core.cli getrawtransaction 3110f49fb6047d62e6fa198a0a4b180d9abf7075d6f29472747990ae286295cb true | jq -r '.vout[].scriptPubKey.asm' | head -n-2 | sed -r 's/^....//;s/ 3 .*//' | tr -d ' \n' | xxd -r -p > tmp.jpgThis transactions is also mentioned at: github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/28400 "Make provably unsignable standard P2PK and P2MS outpoints unspendable"
Gulagu.net logo
. tx 9c1a5d5a9e65e9a35050d67574681695a5c46a3df3feb27834848daa49c2fb92, block 710352 (2021-11-19) Logo of gulagu.net/, a "Russian anti-corruption, anti-torture human rights organization and website"[ref] Two-stage P2SH inscription.
Gulagu.net people
. tx 36e7f004ff22aa1146a00705d166fbca64d174c472a5296ed1f38d4749a74e10, block 710354 (2021-11-19). Rightmost Vladimir Osechkin. Two-stage P2SH inscription.
Low resolution GIF screenshot of the Bitcoin whitepaper intro
. tx cad2c46b0f7feb56191f2ab7d8ed59184615cbf0ca46af8c8b5a21a2045a42d2, block 724270 (2022-02-21). Inscribed with P2FKH.
The payload starts with:
7b260000 before the acutal GIF, which is why we hadn't found it before using binwalk. TODO what do those bytes mean?The last payload uses OP_RETURN and encodes the ascii filename:TODO what is BTGC?
BTGC:satoshi.gif
A man and his cactus
. tx 4719e7252f4bdefd9f7bdf5058f17af28729b79c303b067eb01c107e57235754 (2024-01-27). Encoded as a data URL for a JPEG image in an OP_RETURN:data:image/jpeg;base64TODO decode:
- get all from Data Insertion in Bitcoin's Blockchain by Andrew Sward, Vecna OP_0 and Forrest Stonedahl, some are missing. TODO list then explicitly here
- 6fa03193609f6506c2fa76540fa9930adf68d50b21c942434a90486a694ccacd contains a JPEG in its input script but a bit broken. The script contains a single constant. We could not decode it by looking at nearby transactions either
One of the dudes from the AtomSea & EMBII Bitcoin-based file upload system.
- github.com/embiimob
- Real name: likely "Eric Bobby" according to:According to Figure "
Loraine.jpg" however, his mother's name was "Loraine Elizabeth White", so there's some chance his real family name is Mr. White.However according to bitfossil.org/937f70bf641ccabaf623772367df64bd867ad44c53fd227d01f2662e74aeacbf/ his daughter is Maddy Bobby, so maybe he is actually Bobby. - twitter.com/EMBII4U
- twitter.com/TheAtomSea/status/990318090738196481 sample link
