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An eIF4E-binding regulator. Hypophosphorylated forms can restrict eIF4F assembly; phosphorylation downstream of mTORC1 reduces this inhibition.
An initiation-factor scaffold participating in assembly of eIF4F.
By binding other initiation components, it helps connect recognition of a capped message to recruitment of the biological translation machinery. The scaffold function explains how cleavage or sequestration of eIF4G can alter biological translation even without changing the sequence of the message. [ref]
Molecular Biology of the Cell, 4th edition by Bruce Alberts and others. Chapters 4–7, chromatin, replication and gene regulation
A cap-associated initiation-factor complex including eIF4E and eIF4G, supporting recruitment and initiation on many messenger RNAs.
A ribosome-binding site is a transcript region involved in recruiting or positioning a ribosome for initiation. In many bacteria it includes a Shine-Dalgarno sequence, but accessibility and start-codon context matter and not all bacterial initiation uses that motif.
A Shine-Dalgarno sequence is a bacterial messenger-RNA element that can pair with the anti-Shine-Dalgarno region of small-subunit ribosomal RNA to position initiation. Base pairing within the messenger RNA can make the element unavailable.
Translational coupling makes biological translation of one coding region influence biological translation of another on the same transcript. One mechanism is unfolding of a structure masking the downstream initiation region by an upstream translating ribosome.
A bacterial translational GTPase delivering aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome. Correct decoding promotes its hydrolysis cycle; EF-Ts accelerates nucleotide exchange for reuse.
Increased discrimination through successive kinetically controlled selection steps coupled to an energy-consuming reaction. Ribosomal tRNA selection includes rejection before and after GTP hydrolysis, improving fidelity beyond a single equilibrium binding comparison.
The eukaryotic elongation GTPase delivering aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome. Its nucleotide cycle is regenerated by eEF1B exchange activity.
A bacterial GTPase promoting ribosomal translocation. Its nucleotide-exchange kinetics differ from those of EF-Tu, so it does not require EF-Ts for recycling.
It couples GTP hydrolysis to movement of the ribosome along messenger RNA during biological translation. Translocation shifts the relative positions of the message and bound transfer RNAs, allowing another codon to enter the decoding cycle. [ref]
Molecular Biology of the Cell, 4th edition by Bruce Alberts and others. Chapters 4–7, chromatin, replication and gene regulation
A bacterial GTPase assisting recycling of class-I release factors. The release factor catalyses peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis; GTP cleavage is not itself the peptide-release reaction.
Movement of the messenger-RNA–tRNA complex relative to the ribosome after peptide-bond formation, advancing the coding position and repositioning tRNAs.
Continuation of biological translation past a stop codon through incorporation of an amino acid instead of normal termination.
A reagent that can release nascent chains by accepting the growing peptide, useful as a control for translation-site signals. Global treatment also perturbs cellular physiology.
Assembly and positioning of the biological translation machinery at a selected start. ribosome recruitment, scanning and start-codon recognition are distinguishable processes.
Decrease of protein production from an RNA without requiring an initial decrease in its abundance. RNA stability and biological translation measurements are needed to distinguish coupled effects.
A transfer RNA charged with methionine. The initiator species has a distinct role in start-site decoding during biological translation.
A transfer RNA carrying an amino acid through an activated ester linkage. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase supplies the charging reaction; the linkage helps drive peptide-bond formation.
Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project
Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
Intro to OurBigBook
. Source. We have two killer features:
- topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculusArticles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
- a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
- a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
Figure 1. Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page. View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivativeVideo 2. OurBigBook Web topics demo. Source. - local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
- to OurBigBook.com to get awesome multi-user features like topics and likes
- as HTML files to a static website, which you can host yourself for free on many external providers like GitHub Pages, and remain in full control
Figure 2. You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either OurBigBook.com or as a static website.
Figure 3. Visual Studio Code extension installation.
Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally. Video 3. Edit locally and publish demo. Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension. 
- Infinitely deep tables of contents:
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact