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A post-translational modification is a chemical change to a protein after its synthesis, such as phosphorylation or protein lipidation. It can change activity, stability, localization or partner binding without changing the encoded sequence.
A protein interaction network represents proteins as nodes and supported associations as edges. Edges should retain evidence type, because copurification, direct protein-protein interaction and proximity labeling answer different questions.
A globular protein has a relatively compact folded architecture, in contrast to an extended fibrous organization. Compactness does not imply rigidity: domain and loop movements can regulate function.
allostery is coupling in which a perturbation at one region of a protein changes a functional property elsewhere. It can act through altered conformational populations and need not require a large change in the mean structure.
RecA is a bacterial recombinase that assembles with single-stranded DNA and ATP into a presynaptic filament. It promotes donor capture, complementarity testing and DNA strand exchange.
A nucleoprotein filament is an extended assembly containing protein and nucleic acid. In RecA-family reactions, repeated subunits organize DNA and couple neighboring nucleotide states.
RAD51 is a eukaryotic RecA-family recombinase that forms DNA-bound filaments and promotes DNA strand exchange.[ref]
Cryo-EM structures of human RAD51 recombinase filaments during catalysis of DNA-strand exchange by Jingfei Xu and others. Figs. 1–5, structural states of human RAD51–DNA assemblies
apoferritin is the iron-free ferritin protein assembly. Its rigid, symmetric structure makes suitable preparations a useful high-resolution imaging benchmark, without guaranteeing comparable performance for heterogeneous targets.[ref]
Single-particle cryo-EM at atomic resolution by Takanori Nakane and others. Fig. 3, atomic-resolution mouse apoferritin reconstruction
S-palmitoylation attaches a palmitoyl group to a cysteine side chain through a thioester linkage. Reversibility permits regulation of membrane association and trafficking; not every G protein subunit uses the same acylation pattern.
Ras denotes a family of small GTPases that relay signaling through nucleotide-state-dependent interactions with effectors. Membrane targeting depends on lipid anchors and additional sequence features.
KRAS4B is a Ras isoform with a prenylated membrane-targeting region and a polybasic region. Contacts between its folded domain and the membrane can alter access to effector-binding surfaces.[ref]
Oncogenic and RASopathy-associated K-RAS mutations relieve membrane-dependent occlusion of the effector-binding site by Mohammad T. Mazhab-Jafari and others. pp. 6625–6630, nanodisc NMR and membrane-facing orientations
A protein that binds RNA. Binding specificity can depend on nucleotide sequence, RNA secondary structure, chemical modification and other partners; recovery in an RNA pull-down alone does not establish direct recognition.
A heterochromatin protein 1 family member that can read H3K9 methylation through a chromodomain and associate with other repressive machinery.
A transcriptional corepressor also known as TRIM28. Its interactions with SETDB1 and other factors contribute to repression of particular endogenous retroviruses.[ref]
Association with translating ribosomes links the signalling machinery to the state of protein synthesis. The response can reduce general initiation while favouring specific stress-regulated outputs, coupling nutrient availability to translational control. [ref]
Molecular Biology of the Cell, 4th edition by Bruce Alberts and others. Chapters 3, 6 and 15, protein function, translation and cell signalling
Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project
Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
Intro to OurBigBook
. Source. We have two killer features:
- topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculusArticles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
- a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
- a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
Figure 1. Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page. View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivativeVideo 2. OurBigBook Web topics demo. Source. - local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
- to OurBigBook.com to get awesome multi-user features like topics and likes
- as HTML files to a static website, which you can host yourself for free on many external providers like GitHub Pages, and remain in full control
Figure 2. You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either OurBigBook.com or as a static website.
Figure 3. Visual Studio Code extension installation.
Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally. Video 3. Edit locally and publish demo. Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension. 
- Infinitely deep tables of contents:
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact