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Absence of Ferromagnetism or Antiferromagnetism in One- or Two-Dimensional Isotropic Heisenberg Models by N. D. Mermin and H. Wagner by
Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Physical Review Letters 17, 1133 (1966), DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.17.1133. The abstract states the absence of ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic order at nonzero temperature in finite-range one- or two-dimensional isotropic spin- Heisenberg models. This is a primary source for the low-dimensional limitation of mean-field magnetic ordering.
On the Unique Solution of Planet and Star Parameters from an Extrasolar Planet Transit Light Curve by Sara Seager and Gabriela Mallén-Ornelas by
Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
By Sara Seager and Gabriela Mallén-Ornelas. Section3.1,equations1–4 specify depth, contact durations and the circular-orbit scale. The2002 manuscript was published in The Astrophysical Journal585,1038–1055(2003).
Formation of the giant planets by concurrent accretion of solids and gas by James B. Pollack and others by
Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
The model led by James B. Pollack follows solid growth, slow envelope growth and accelerated gas capture near crossover, with coupled planetesimal and gas accretion. Icarus124,62–85.
Nonlinear Outcome of Gravitational Instability in Cooling, Gaseous Disks by Charles F. Gammie by
Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
By Charles F. Gammie. The2001 local razor-thin cooling model distinguishes self-regulated gravitational turbulence from fragmentation. Its numerical cooling threshold is model-specific; it is not a universal planet-formation constant.
Planet-Disc Interactions and Early Evolution of Planetary Systems by Clément Baruteau and others by
Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
The review led by Clément Baruteau discusses Lindblad and corotation torques, horseshoe drag, saturation and gap formation. Section2.1 covers low-mass planets; section2.2 discusses gap opening and more massive planets.
Theoretical Transmission Spectra During Extrasolar Giant Planet Transits by Sara Seager and Dimitar Sasselov by
Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
By Sara Seager and Dimitar Sasselov. The2000 study calculates transmission absorption through an atmospheric annulus and discusses how weak contrast and clouds affect sensitivity. The Astrophysical Journal537,916–921.
Nominal solar and planetary conversion constants by the International Astronomical Union by
Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
The table provides Solar System planetary masses and mean radii, with provenance notes including the CODATA2018 value of the gravitational constant.
On the Movement of Small Particles Suspended in a Stationary Liquid Demanded by the Molecular-Kinetic Theory of Heat by Albert Einstein by
Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Primary paper, in the English translation collected in Investigations on the Theory of the Brownian Movement: sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/lectures/Rotman_Summer_School_2013/Einstein_1905_docs/Einstein_Brownian_English.pdf
Sections 3–5 connect equilibrium drift and diffusion, the spherical-particle drag coefficient, and mean-squared displacement. The linked scan includes the 1926 translation reprinted in the 1956 Dover edition; the research paper itself is dated 1905.
Elastic Properties of Lipid Bilayers: Theory and Possible Experiments by Wolfgang Helfrich by
Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Isotope Effect in the Superconductivity of Mercury by Emanuel Maxwell by
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Primary report of an isotopic-mass dependence of the superconducting transition. Inspected scan: chair.itp.ac.ru/biblio/papers/ClassicPapersSeminar/Maxwell1950.pdf
Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Normal and Superconducting Aluminum by L. C. Hebel and Charles Pence Slichter by
Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
The accessible primary abstract describes field-cycled nuclear relaxation in aluminium, its disagreement with a simple two-fluid description, and its explanation by BCS correlations.
Equations (26)–(29) give the Breit-Rabi energies and clock-transition shift; the magnetic-data table gives the quadratic shift coefficient. This reference refines atomic constants; it was not supplied with the historical exam.
Vortex Formation in a Stirred Bose-Einstein Condensate by K. W. Madison and others by
Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Physical Review Letters 84, 806–809. Primary experiment.
Publisher: doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.806
The experiment rotates a weak optical anisotropy in a magnetic trap and images vortex cores after expansion.
Doppler-Free Two-Photon Spectroscopy of Hydrogen by Theodor W. Hänsch and others by
Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Physical Review Letters 34, 307. Primary experimental paper.
Publisher: doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.34.307
Precision Radial Velocities with an Iodine Absorption Cell by Geoffrey W. Marcy and R. Paul Butler by
Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Resolving the electron temperature discrepancies in H II regions and planetary nebulae: kappa-distributed electrons by David C. Nicholls and others by
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By David C. Nicholls, Michael A. Dopita and Ralph S. Sutherland. arXiv:1204.3880v2 (2012). Section 4, equation 18 and the following paragraph give a low-density Maxwellian oxygen-line approximation and its collision-strength qualification.
Amplified reflection, phase conjugation, and oscillation in degenerate four-wave mixing by Amnon Yariv and David M. Pepper by
Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Institutional author archive: authors.library.caltech.edu/records/r492q-t5h18
The abstract identifies amplified phase-conjugated propagation and parametric oscillation. The present coupled-equation solution is derived independently with the sign convention of the exam's differential equations.
Nonlinear Dielectric Polarization in Optical Media by D. A. Kleinman by
Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Physical Review 126, 1977–1979.
Publisher: doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.126.1977
The abstract separates dispersive lattice response from higher-resonance electronic response and describes additional nonlinear-polarization symmetry constraints.
New High-Intensity Source of Polarization-Entangled Photon Pairs by Paul G. Kwiat and others by
Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Physical Review Letters 75, 4337–4341. Primary experimental paper.
Publisher: doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4337
The experiment uses noncollinear type-II down-conversion, birefringent walk-off compensation and polarization-dependent coincidence measurements.
Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project
Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
Intro to OurBigBook
. Source. We have two killer features:
- topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculusArticles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
- a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
- a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.Figure 1. Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page. View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivativeVideo 2. OurBigBook Web topics demo. Source. - local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
- to OurBigBook.com to get awesome multi-user features like topics and likes
- as HTML files to a static website, which you can host yourself for free on many external providers like GitHub Pages, and remain in full control
Figure 2. You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either OurBigBook.com or as a static website.Figure 3. Visual Studio Code extension installation.Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally. Video 3. Edit locally and publish demo. Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension. - Infinitely deep tables of contents:
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact





