(523684) 2014 CQ23 is classified as a near-Earth object (NEO) and an Apollo asteroid. It was discovered on February 12, 2014. Near-Earth objects are asteroids or comets that have been nudged by the gravitational attraction of nearby planets into orbits that bring them into the Earth's neighborhood.

(523759) 2014 WK509 is an asteroid that is part of the Apollo group of near-Earth objects. Discovered in 2014, it is notable for its relatively close approach to Earth and is classified as a potentially hazardous asteroid (PHA) due to its size and orbit.

(55637) 2002 UX25 is a way to refer to a specific trans-Neptunian object, which is a minor planet located in the Kuiper Belt. It was discovered in 2002 and is classified as a "distant" object in the Solar System, falling under the category of centaurs or scattered disk objects.

(612911) 2004 XR190 is a trans-Neptunian object (TNO) that is part of the Kuiper Belt, a region of the solar system beyond the orbit of Neptune that is populated with many small icy bodies. Discovered in December 2004, it is classified as a centaur, which is a type of celestial object that has characteristics of both asteroids and comets.

(84922) 2003 VS2 is a near-Earth asteroid that was discovered in 2003. It is categorized as a member of the Apollo group of asteroids, which are characterized by their orbits crossing Earth's orbit. As a near-Earth object (NEO), it has the potential to come close to Earth at certain times, although it does not pose a significant threat.

Fast ice refers to sea ice that is connected to the coast or to large ice formations such as ice shelves. It remains anchored and does not drift with ocean currents or winds. Fast ice typically forms in areas where the water is shallow enough and is subject to consistent freezing conditions, allowing it to remain stable over longer periods. This type of ice plays a crucial role in the Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems as it provides habitat for various marine species, protects coastal areas from wave action, and influences local climate patterns.

Grease ice is a type of ice that forms under specific conditions in cold environments, typically found in polar regions or near ice-covered bodies of water. It is characterized by a thin, slushy layer that consists of small ice crystals and water, often resembling a viscous, greasy surface. Grease ice can develop when small ice crystals begin to coalesce and are mixed with water, creating a surface that appears shiny and can have a somewhat liquid-like texture.

Piezoelectric materials are substances that exhibit the piezoelectric effect, where mechanical stress applied to the material generates an electric charge, and conversely, applying an electric field can induce mechanical deformation. These materials are used in various applications, such as sensors, actuators, transducers, and even energy harvesting devices. Here’s a list of commonly used piezoelectric materials: ### Natural Piezoelectric Materials 1.

Rutilated quartz is a type of gemstone that features needle-like inclusions of rutile, a mineral composed primarily of titanium dioxide (TiO2). The rutile needles can appear in various colors, including gold, red, brown, and silver, and they can vary in thickness and arrangement, creating unique and striking patterns within the clear or translucent quartz.

Bottled gas refers to various types of gases that are stored under pressure in containers, typically cylinders or bottles. It is commonly used for a variety of applications, including heating, cooking, and fuel for vehicles. The most common types of bottled gas include: 1. **Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)**: A mixture of propane and butane, LPG is widely used for home heating, cooking, and hot water systems. It is also used in certain vehicles as an alternative fuel.

Inelastic scattering is a process in which particles (such as photons, electrons, or neutrons) collide with a target and transfer some of their energy to the target during the interaction. This results in a change in the energy, momentum, or state of the incoming particles, as well as a change in the target particles.

Ocean color refers to the color of the ocean as perceived by the human eye, which results from the absorption and scattering of sunlight by water and various substances in the water. The color can vary widely depending on several factors, including: 1. **Water Depth**: In deep water, colors tend to appear darker and bluer, while shallow water may appear greener or brownish due to the presence of sediments and algae.

An ultramicroscope is a specialized optical microscope that is used to observe objects that are smaller than the wavelength of visible light. This allows for the visualization of colloidal particles, bacteria, and other minute structures that cannot be effectively resolved with conventional light microscopy. The ultramicroscope operates on the principle of dark-field microscopy, where light is directed at an angle to the specimen, and only scattered light is observed.

An emission spectrum is a spectrum of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by a substance that has absorbed energy. When atoms or molecules absorb energy, they can become excited and move to higher energy levels. When these electrons return to their original (or ground) state, they release energy in the form of light. The wavelengths of this emitted light correspond to specific energies and are characteristic of the particular element or compound.

Used a lot in quantum mechanics, where the equations are really hard to solve. There's even a dedicated wiki page for it: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perturbation_theory_(quantum_mechanics). Notably, Feynman diagrams are a way to represent perturbation calculations in quantum field theory.

Let's gather some of the best results we come across here:

A directed weighted graph where the sum of weights of all outgoing edges equals 1.