Adds up chemical energy and kinetic energy.

Wikipedia mentions however that the kinetic energy is often negligible, even for gases.

The sum is of interest when thinking about reactions because chemical reactions can change the number of molecules involved, and therefore the pressure.

To predict if a reaction is spontaneous or not, negative enthalpy is not enough, we must also consider entropy via Gibbs free energy.

Bibliography:

I think these are the ones where $\Delta H\times \Delta S>0$, i.e. enthalpy and entropy push the reaction in different directions. And so we can use temperature to move the Chemical equilibrium back and forward.

TODO why it is optimal: physics.stackexchange.com/questions/149214/why-is-the-carnot-engine-the-most-efficient

Sukhoy Nos is a cape located in the northeastern part of Lake Baikal in Russia. It is known for its picturesque landscapes and natural beauty. Sukhoy Nos is a popular spot for outdoor activities such as hiking, fishing, and photography, attracting nature enthusiasts and tourists. The area is part of the Baikal Nature Reserve, which is a UNESCO World Heritage site and is noted for its unique ecosystems and biodiversity.

Mentioned at: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_transition#Modern_classifications

The more familiar transitions we are familiar with like liquid water into solid water happen at constant temperature.

However, other types of phase transitions we are less familiar in our daily lives happen across a continuum of such "state variables", notably:

Reaches 2 mK^[ref]. youtu.be/upw9nkjawdy?t=487 from Video "Building a quantum computer with superconducting qubits by Daniel Sank (2019)" mentions that 15 mK are widely available.

Used for example in some times of quantum computers, notably superconducting quantum computers. As mentioned at: youtu.be/uPw9nkJAwDY?t=487, in that case we need to go so low to reduce thermal noise.

For scales from absolute 0 like Kelvin, is proportional to the total kinetic energy of the material.

The Boltzmann constant tells us how much energy that is, i.e. gives the slope.

A fuzzy control system is a type of control system that uses fuzzy logic instead of traditional binary sets (true/false or 1/0) to make decisions or control processes. Fuzzy logic is a form of many-valued logic that deals with reasoning that is approximate rather than fixed and exact. This makes it particularly useful for complex systems where uncertainty or imprecision is a factor.

Basically the same as classical mechanics.