Nicolas Gisin is a prominent physicist known for his contributions to the field of quantum mechanics, particularly in quantum information theory and quantum optics. He worked at the University of Geneva, where he has conducted research on various aspects of quantum theory, including quantum entanglement and quantum cryptography. Gisin is often recognized for his work on the foundations of quantum mechanics and has published numerous papers on quantum communication and quantum teleportation.

Otto Struve refers to a couple of notable points of interest: 1. **Otto Struve (1897–1963)**: He was a prominent astrophysicist and astronomer known for his work in stellar classification and spectrum analysis. Struve contributed significantly to our understanding of the structure and evolution of stars. He was the director of several observatories, including the McDonald Observatory in Texas and the Yerkes Observatory in Wisconsin.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2021, "Antonella Nota" might not refer to a widely recognized term or figure. If it is a specific person, such as an artist, researcher, or other public figure, they may not have been well-known or documented in widely available sources before that time.

Dorrit Hoffleit (1919–2022) was a prominent American astronomer renowned for her contributions to the field of variable stars. She was a professor emerita at Yale University and served as the director of the Yale University Observatory. Hoffleit made significant advancements in the cataloging and study of variable stars, including her work on the classification and analysis of these celestial objects. Her research contributed to our understanding of stellar brightness variability and she was an active member of the astronomical community for many decades.

Liisi Oterma (1915–2001) was a Finnish astronomer known for her work in the field of observational astronomy, particularly in the study of double stars and the discovery of several asteroids. She played a significant role in the development of astronomy in Finland and contributed to various astronomical projects. In addition to her research contributions, Oterma was recognized for her efforts to promote the education and public understanding of astronomy.

The term "pipeline" can refer to different concepts depending on the context in which it is used. Here are some common meanings: 1. **Data Pipeline**: In data engineering and analytics, a data pipeline is a series of data processing steps that involve the collection, transformation, and storage of data. These pipelines automate the flow of data from source systems to destinations like databases or analytics tools, enabling real-time analytics and reporting.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2021, there isn't a widely recognized figure or concept known as "Stefan Raunser." It's possible that he could be a private individual or a professional within a specific field that hasn't gained broad public attention. If he has become notable or relevant after this date, I would not have information on him.

Bonnie Ann Wallace is not widely recognized in public records or notable databases available up to October 2021, which may suggest that she is a private individual or not a public figure in widely known contexts.

Erin Lavik is a notable figure in the field of biomedical engineering and materials science. She is known for her research on biomaterials, drug delivery systems, and tissue engineering. Her work often focuses on developing materials that can improve medical treatments and aid in the healing processes of various tissues in the body. Dr. Lavik is associated with academic institutions, where she contributes to both teaching and research. She is often involved in interdisciplinary collaborations that address complex biological problems using engineering principles.

Polina Anikeeva is a notable figure in the field of materials science and engineering, particularly recognized for her work in nanotechnology, photonic devices, and materials for energy applications. She is an academic and researcher known for her contributions to the development of innovative materials and their applications in various technologies.

Kenneth Pitzer was an American physical chemist known for his contributions to the fields of physical chemistry and both theoretical and applied physics. He was a key figure in the development of molecular theory and thermodynamics. Pitzer was particularly noted for his work on the Pitzer equations, which describe the properties of fluids and mixtures. He served as the president of several prestigious scientific organizations and contributed significantly to the academic community through his research and teaching.

As of my last update in October 2023, Spiridoula Matsika does not appear to be a widely recognized figure or term in available public knowledge. It is possible that she could be a private individual without significant public presence, or she could have gained recognition after my last update.

Negative resistance is a phenomenon where an increase in voltage across a device results in a decrease in current through it, which is contrary to the behavior of most passive electrical components, such as resistors, where current increases with an increase in voltage. This unusual behavior can lead to amplification and oscillation effects, making negative resistance a useful property in certain electronic applications. There are two types of negative resistance: 1. **Dynamic Negative Resistance**: This occurs in certain nonlinear devices at specific operating points.

Vapor quality is a term used in thermodynamics and fluid mechanics to describe the proportion of vapor in a mixture of liquid and vapor phases, particularly in the context of phase change processes such as boiling or condensation. It is typically expressed as a fraction or percentage.

Grapher is a graphing and visualization software developed by Apple that allows users to create a wide variety of 2D and 3D graphs. It is part of the macOS operating system and provides tools for plotting functions, data points, and mathematical expressions. Users can customize the appearance of their graphs, add annotations, and manipulate the properties of the axes and gridlines.

RISM, or the Répertoire International des Sources Musicales, is a comprehensive resource for music research that catalogs music manuscripts, printed music, and music literature. It includes a list of abbreviations commonly used in music research and cataloging.

A half note is a musical note that typically lasts for two beats in 4/4 time, which is one of the most common time signatures in Western music. It is represented by a hollow oval note head with a straight stem. In written music, half notes are used to indicate that a note should be held for a longer duration than a quarter note (which lasts for one beat) but shorter than a whole note (which lasts for four beats).

Finger vibrato is a technique used primarily by string players, such as violinists and cellists, to add expressiveness and richness to a note. It involves rapidly oscillating the pitch of a note by moving the finger that is pressing down on the string back and forth. This motion causes slight variations in pitch, creating a vibrato effect that enhances musical expression.

Notion is a music notation software developed by PreSonus that allows musicians, composers, and educators to create, edit, and arrange musical scores. It features a user-friendly interface that supports both traditional sheet music notation and modern composition techniques. Notion offers a range of tools for inputting music, including MIDI input, computer keyboards, and a virtual piano keyboard.