Amazon EC2 hello world by Ciro Santilli 35 Updated +Created
Let's get SSH access, instal a package, and run a server.
As of December 2023 on a t2.micro instance, the only one part of free tier at the time with advertised 1 vCPU, 1 GiB RAM, 8 GiB disk for the first 12 months, on Ubuntu 22.04:
$ free -h
               total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           949Mi       149Mi       210Mi       0.0Ki       590Mi       641Mi
Swap:             0B          0B          0B
$ nproc
1
$ df -h /
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/root       7.6G  1.8G  5.8G  24% /
To install software:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install cowsay
cowsay asdf
Once HTTP inbound traffic is enabled on security rules for port 80, you can:
while true; do printf "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n`date`: hello from AWS" | sudo nc -Nl 80; done
and then you are able to curl from your local computer and get the response.
Amazon EC2 GPU by Ciro Santilli 35 Updated +Created
As of December 2023, the cheapest instance with an Nvidia GPU is g4nd.xlarge, so let's try that out. In that instance, lspci contains:
00:1e.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation TU104GL [Tesla T4] (rev a1)
TODO meaning of "nd"? "n" presumably means Nvidia, but what is the "d"?
Be careful not to confuse it with g4ad.xlarge, which has an AMD GPU instead. TODO meaning of "ad"? "a" presumably means AMD, but what is the "d"?
Some documentation on which GPU is in each instance can seen at: docs.aws.amazon.com/dlami/latest/devguide/gpu.html (archive) with a list of which GPUs they have at that random point in time. Can the GPU ever change for a given instance name? Likely not. Also as of December 2023 the list is already outdated, e.g. P5 is now shown, though it is mentioned at: aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/p5/
When selecting the instance to launch, the GPU does not show anywhere apparently on the instance information page, it is so bad!
Also note that this instance has 4 vCPUs, so on a new account you must first make a customer support request to Amazon to increase your limit from the default of 0 to 4, see also: stackoverflow.com/questions/68347900/you-have-requested-more-vcpu-capacity-than-your-current-vcpu-limit-of-0, otherwise instance launch will fail with:
You have requested more vCPU capacity than your current vCPU limit of 0 allows for the instance bucket that the specified instance type belongs to. Please visit aws.amazon.com/contact-us/ec2-request to request an adjustment to this limit.
When starting up the instance, also select:
  • image: Ubuntu 22.04
  • storage size: 30 GB (maximum free tier allowance)
Once you finally managed to SSH into the instance, first we have to install drivers and reboot:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install nvidia-driver-510 nvidia-utils-510 nvidia-cuda-toolkit
sudo reboot
and now running:
nvidia-smi
shows something like:
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 525.147.05   Driver Version: 525.147.05   CUDA Version: 12.0     |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                               |                      |               MIG M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
|   0  Tesla T4            Off  | 00000000:00:1E.0 Off |                    0 |
| N/A   25C    P8    12W /  70W |      2MiB / 15360MiB |      0%      Default |
|                               |                      |                  N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                  |
|  GPU   GI   CI        PID   Type   Process name                  GPU Memory |
|        ID   ID                                                   Usage      |
|=============================================================================|
|  No running processes found                                                 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
From basically everything should just work as normal. E.g. we were able to run a CUDA hello world just fine along:
nvcc inc.cu
./a.out
One issue with this setup, besides the time it takes to setup, is that you might also have to pay some network charges as it downloads a bunch of stuff into the instance. We should try out some of the pre-built images. But it is also good to know this pristine setup just in case.
Some stuff we then managed to run:
curl https://ollama.ai/install.sh | sh
/bin/time ollama run llama2 'What is quantum field theory?'
which gave:
0.07user 0.05system 0:16.91elapsed 0%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 16896maxresident)k
0inputs+0outputs (0major+1960minor)pagefaults 0swaps
so way faster than on my local desktop CPU, hurray.
After setup from: askubuntu.com/a/1309774/52975 we were able to run:
head -n1000 pap.txt | ARGOS_DEVICE_TYPE=cuda time argos-translate --from-lang en --to-lang fr > pap-fr.txt
which gave:
77.95user 2.87system 0:39.93elapsed 202%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 4345988maxresident)k
0inputs+88outputs (0major+910748minor)pagefaults 0swaps
so only marginally better than on P14s. It would be fun to see how much faster we could make things on a more powerful GPU.
Laucnh Amazin EC2 with existing EBS volume by Ciro Santilli 35 Updated +Created
The hot and more expensive sotorage for Amazon EC2, where e.g. your Ubuntu filesystem will lie.
The cheaper and slower alternative is to use Amazon S3.
List of AWS AMIs by Ciro Santilli 35 Updated +Created
Apache Jena CLI tools setup by Ciro Santilli 35 Updated +Created
The CLI tools don't appear to be packaged for Ubuntu 23.10? Annoying... There is a package libapache-jena-java but it doesn't contain any binaries, only Java library files.
To run the CLI tools easily we can download the prebuilt:
sudo apt install openjdk-22-jre
wget https://dlcdn.apache.org/jena/binaries/apache-jena-4.10.0.zip
unzip apache-jena-4.10.0.zip
cd apache-jena-4.10.0
export JENA_HOME="$(pwd)"
export PATH="$PATH:$(pwd)/bin"
and we can confirm it works with:
sparql -version
which outputs:
Apache Jena version 4.10.0
If your Java is too old then then running sparql with the prebuilts fails with:
Error: A JNI error has occurred, please check your installation and try again
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsupportedClassVersionError: arq/sparql has been compiled by a more recent version of the Java Runtime (class file version 55.0), this version of the Java Runtime only recognizes class file versions up to 52.0
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:756)
        at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:142)
        at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:473)
        at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$100(URLClassLoader.java:74)
        at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:369)
        at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:363)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:362)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:418)
        at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:352)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:351)
        at sun.launcher.LauncherHelper.checkAndLoadMain(LauncherHelper.java:621)
Build from source is likely something like:
sudo apt install maven openjdk-22-jdk
git clone https://github.com/apache/jena --branch jena-4.10.0 --depth 1
cd jena
mvn clean install
TODO test it.
If you make the mistake of trying to run the source tree without build:
git clone https://github.com/apache/jena --branch jena-4.10.0 --depth 1
cd jena
export JENA_HOME="$(pwd)"
export PATH="$PATH:$(pwd)/apache-jena/bin"
it fails with:
Error: Could not find or load main class arq.sparql
as per: users.jena.apache.narkive.com/T5TaEszT/sparql-tutorial-querying-datasets-error-unrecognized-option-graph
Jena SPARQL hello world by Ciro Santilli 35 Updated +Created
They have a tutorial at: jena.apache.org/tutorials/sparql.html
Once you've done the Apache Jena CLI tools setup we can query all users with Full Name (FN) "John Smith" directly fom the rdf/vcard.ttl Turtle RDF file with the rdf/vcard.rq SPARQL query:
sparql --data=rdf/vcard.ttl --query=rdf/vcard.rq
and that outputs:
---------------------------------
| x                             |
=================================
| <http://somewhere/JohnSmith/> |
---------------------------------
g4nd.xlarge by Ciro Santilli 35 Updated +Created
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This dude is amazing. He apparently has many devotional songs.
Video 1.
Pandit Jasraj and Ustad Zakir Hussain - 1987 - Haveli Sangeet, Malkauns, and Bhairavi
. Source.
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Term invented by Ciro Santilli, it refers to Richard Feynman, after helping to build the atomic bomb:
And I would go along and I would see people building a bridge, or they'd be making a new road, and I thought, they're crazy, they just don't understand, they don't understand. Why are they making new things? It's so useless.
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The OS is usually virualized, and you get only a certain share of the CPU by default.
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nvidia-smi by Ciro Santilli 35 Updated +Created

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